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C 61/102 15 Richard II (1391-2)

Introduction.

A short roll of only five membranes, the entries show some interesting light on diplomacy and trade. The diplomatic entries can be seen against the background of the peace negotiations between the English and French, initiated by the truce of Leulingham in 1389, and continued at the conference at Leulingham in 1393-4. The English in their negotiations were clearly concerned to strengthen a weak position by negotiating with magnates in and around Aquitaine, with envoys being appointed to negotiate with the counts of Armagnac and Foix, 1 and with an envoy from the king of Castile being granted a safe-conduct to come to England. 2 Those envoys sent to the counts of Armagnac and Foix were empowered to broker peace by way of a marriage if necessary. What prospects the English thought they had of success is unclear. The counts of Armagnac, had usually been hostile to the king-duke in Aquitaine, and the counts of Foix had, with relative success, remained aloof from both the French and English. With the latter, the succession of Mathiu of Foix to the illustrious Gaston Fébus, perhaps presented better opportunities for a rapprochement.

Apart from a small number of letters of protection, almost the entire remainder of the roll consists of licences to take victuals, predominantly wheat, to Aquitaine. Of these licences, the vast majority are granted to Englishmen. Only nine are granted to Bordeaux and Bayonne merchants, 3 and only one is granted to a Spanish merchant. 4 The licences granted to Englishmen seem to show that by this time the London merchants were dominating the trade with Aquitaine. 5 Of the licences where the origin of the recipient of the grant is noted, thirteen are London citizens and merchants. Four licences were granted to men from Dartmouth, and three to men from Lynn. Single licences were issued to men from Great Yarmouth, Norwich and Sandwich. Despite the apparent dominance of London citizens and merchants, the port of London was not the focus for the export trade of wheat, instead the greatest number of entries for where the ships were loaded refer to Sandwich in Kent. London was still significant, but there were only small numbers for other ports such as Lynn, Bristol, Kingston upon Hull and Orwell to name but a few.

That the trade from England to Aquitaine seems almost entirely to have consisted of wheat, with small quantities of oats, rye, and beans and peas, should be of no surprise. With the wine export dominating the trade from Aquitaine, and with much of the duchy in the hands of the French occupiers, the areas under English control were reliant on grain from England and elsewhere to sustain them. There is some evidence that the apparent strength of the export trade in wheat might have been exacerbated by a weak market in England. In the licence granted to Hugh Boys, a merchant of London, he states that he had been unable to sell the wheat that he had just imported from Middelburg in the Low Countries because of the low price in England. 6 Although wheat dominates the export trade as revealed on this roll, there is one notable exception, and that is the export of salt. Five licences were granted to export salt, and this might indicate that the sources of salt usually open to those who lived within the part of Aquitaine still held by the king-duke had been cut off, or restricted. 7

Beyond the merchant community, a number of licences were granted to royal officials to take victuals to Aquitaine. William Scrope, seneschal of Aquitaine, William Langbrook, constable of Bordeaux, John Trailly, mayor of Bordeaux, and Matthew Gournay, constable of the castle of Dax, all received licences for the export of victuals. 8 In only Trailly's case is it made clear that this was being made for his own use, so that it would seem that involvement in the export trade on a limited scale was an accepted part of officeholding in Aquitaine.

Simon J. Harris.

1.
For Armagnac: entry 3 , entry 41 ; and for Foix: entry 2 , entry 42 .
2.
See entry 4 .
3.
For Bordeaux: entry 33 , entry 35 , entry 40 , entry 45 ; For Bayonne: entry 14 , entry 46 , entry 49 ; and for Aquitaine: entry 36 , entry 53 .
4.
See entry 6 .
5.
Barron, C.M., 'Richard II and London', pp. 129-154, in Anthony Goodman, James Gillespie, Richard II: The Art of Kingship (Oxford, 1999). This dominance would suggest that Richard II's difficult relationship with London, which would see him seize the city's liberties in 1392, and the imposition of royal rule through a governor, did not impact on the crown's willingness to support London merchants.
6.
See entry 44 .
7.
See entry 17 , entry 21 , entry 25 , entry 28 , entry 30 .
8.
Trailly: entry 5 ; Scrope: entry 7 ; Gournay: entry 32 ; and Langbrook: entry 38 , , entry .
1

8 September 1391 . Westm' Westminster . For the arrest of a certain ship.

Assignment to Thomas atte Mille, king's serjeant-at-arms , to arrest a certain sufficient ship and the necessary mariners in the ports of Suthampton' Southampton , Portemuth Portsmouth , Dertemuth' Dartmouth and Plymmuth' Plymouth , and in every place in the Insula Vecta Isle of Wight , with all possible speed, for the passage of the vicomte of Dort Orthe 1 and Master Podio, de Ramon-Guilhem de Puy , and 24 people and sixteen horses in their company, who the king is sending to Gascony on certain difficult business of the king's, by the advice of the king's council, and cause them to be delivered to the vicomte and Ramon-Guilhem or their deputy, for reasonable wages to be paid to them promptly. Anyone who resists them is to be arrested and kept in prison until the king ordains a punishment. Thomas is ordered to diligently attend to this, and all sheriffs, mayors, bailiffs, ministers, masters and mariners of ships, and other faithful subjects of the king are ordered to be intendant on, consult with and aid him when requested to do so.

1.
Johan d'Aspremont .
2

12 September 1391 . The a notre paloys de Westm' palace of Westminster . For the requesting of service to be done.

[in French]

Grant to Lescrop William Scrope, seneschal of Aquitaine , the captal de Buch , 1 the vicomte of Dort Orthe 2 and Master Podio, de Ramon-Guilhem de Puy , of full power, that at least two of them, the seneschal being one, following the death of the count of Foix , 3 who held the vicomtés, lands and pays of Béarn , Marssan Marsan , Tussan Tursan and other place there from the king, should seek from Mathiu de Foix, vicomte of Chatelbon Castellbò , and heir of the late count of Foix, and from the prelates, barons, consuls and people of the towns and pays there, the performance of the service that they owe to the king, and to swear oaths that they are bound to do, and on the king's behalf to offer to swear that their privileges, franchises, liberties and ancient customs will be kept. They are also given full power to negotiate an alliance by way of a marriage or in any other manner. They are to report back on their progress so that the king can respond in the appropriate manner.

By K. and C.

1.
Archambaud de Grailly .
2.
Johan d'Aspremont .
3.
Gaston III Fébus (d. 1 August 1391).
3

Same as above For the requesting of coming into the king's obedience.

[in French]

Grant to Lescrop William Scrope, seneschal of Aquitaine , Florimont, lord of Lesparre , Traylly John Trailly, mayor of Bourdeaux Bordeaux , and Master Podio Ramon-Guilhem de Puy , of full power, that at least two of them, the lord of Lesparre or the seneschal being one, to treat with the Darmaignac count of Armagnac , 1 and to request that he and those who are the governers and barons of that land, will come into the king's obedience, and will do the service that they ought to do, and to make the oaths to them that the king is bound to do as sovereign of the duchy of Aquitaine, and to promise to keep their privileges, franchises, liberties and customs. They are also given full power to negotiate an alliance by way of a marriage or in any other manner. They are to report back on their progress so that the king can respond in the appropriate manner.

By K. and C.

1.
Bernat VII d'Armagnac, count of Armagnac (1391-1418).
4

17 September 1391 . Westm' Westminster . For a conduct.

Letters of protection and safe-conduct until Christmas, for Zanches Fernando Sánchez, esquire of the king of Castile , and four valets and five horses in his company, their goods and equipment, to come to Gascony, stay there for negotiations, and to return to Castile whenever it pleases him.

5

26 September 1391 . Westm' Westminster . For the transport of wheat.

To all admirals, etc.

Grant of a licence to Trayly John Trailly, kt , mayor of Burdeg' Bordeaux , that he can take 60 quarters of wheat that has been bought for Trailly's use in England, to Bordeaux. Trailly had requested this, and the king agreed because Robert [Braybrooke], bishop of London , personally came before the king in chancery and mainprised that Trailly would take the wheat to Bordeaux for his own use, and nowhere else. It is ordered that Trailly be permitted to take the wheat to Bordeaux freely, and without paying the customs due to the king, any ordinances, proclamations or prohibitions to the contrary notwithstanding.

For the transport of wheat.

6

20 September 1391 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To all admirals, etc.

Grant of a licence to Rouys Juan Ruiz and Juan Desquisso , merchants of Ispann' Spain , that they can take 100 tuns of wheat bought in England, loaded into ships at the port of London or Sandewicum Sandwich , to Baion' Bayonne to trade with. They had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Manfeld' Gilbert Mansfield and Honyman Richard Honeyman of London , ironmonger , came before the king in chancery and personally mainprised for the merchants under penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that they would take the wheat to Bayonne, and not to anywhere else. It is ordered that they be permitted to take the wheat from London or Sandwich to Bayonne without any impediments, first paying the customs, subsidies and other dues to the king, any ordinances or proclamations to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '. A further note states ' Not extracted because it was certified by the lieutenant of the prévôté of Bayonne that the wheat was discharged at Bayonne'.
7

8 November 1391 . Westm' Westminster . 1

Lescrop William Scrope, seneschal of Aquitaine , has similar letters to take 200 quarters of wheat, by the mainprise of Lescrop' Richard Scrope . 2

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
2.
The entry has been added at a date shortly after the main entries were entered on the membrane, for it has been squeezed in between entries in a much smaller hand.
8

12 October 1391 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To all admirals, etc.

Grant of a licence to William Reynwell , citizen of London , that he can take 200 quarters of old wheat loaded onto ships in the port of London to Burdeg' Bordeaux , or Baion' Bayonne , for the sustenance of the king's faithful subjects there, and to buy wine and other merchandise there, and bring it back to England to trade with, in person or by his servants. Reynwell had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Richard Coroner of London , draper , and Thomas Fenne of London mainprised before the king in chancery that Reynwell would take the wheat to those cities, and buy wine and other merchandise there, and not anywhere else. It is ordered that he be permitted to take the wheat from London to those cities without any impediments, first paying the customs due to the king, whatsoever ordinances, prohibitions or orders to them to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
9

10 October 1391 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to John Drewe of Lenn' Lynn , and John Wace of Lenn' Lynn that they can take 500 quarters of wheat bought in the ports of Kyngeston' super Hull' Kingston upon Hull and Bartoun super Humbr' Barton upon Humber to Burdeg' Bordeaux , or Baion' Bayonne , to trade with. Drewe and Wace had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Billyngford James de Billingford and Wynteworth John Wentworth of Lenn' Episcopi Bishop's Lynn , merchant , mainprised before the king in chancery under penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that they would take the wheat to those cities, and not to anywhere else. It is ordered that Drewe and Wace be permitted to take the wheat to Bordeaux or Bayonne without any impediments, first paying the customs and subsidies and other dues to the king, any ordinance or mandate to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
10

Same as above 1

To the same.

[Grant of a licence] to Brectham William Brecham of Lenn' Lynn , that he can take 300 quarters of wheat, bought etc. as above, to the same as above. Brecham had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because William de Burton of Cantebrigg' Cambridge and Robert Fordyk' of Lenn' Lynn , mainprised before the king etc. as above, mutatis mutandis .

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
11

16 October 1391 . Westm' Westminster . For the arrest of ships.

Assignment to Audele William Audley and Snayth' William Snaith , to arrest as many ships and other vessels and the mariners in any port that it pleases them in Sutht' Hampshire for the carriage of certain victuals of Lescrop' William Scrope, seneschal of Aquitaine , to those parts, for the prompt payment of the wages of Scrope, as agreed by Audley and Snaith with the mariners. Anyone who resists them is to be arrested and kept in prison until the king ordains a punishment. Audley and Snaith are ordered to diligently to attend to this, and all sheriffs, mayors, bailiffs, ministers, masters and mariners of ships, and other faithful subjects of the king are ordered to be intendant on, consult with and aid them when requested to do so.

For the transport of wheat.

12

19 September 1391 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To all admirals, etc.

Grant of a licence to Andrew Preston of London , vintner , that he take 400 quarters of wheat, loaded onto ships, to Burdeg' Bordeaux , or Baion' Bayonne , to trade with. Preston had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because John Andrew of London , vintner , Henry Parker of London , vintner , Robert Grey of London , vintner , and Kyngeman William Kingman of London , vintner , came before the king in chancery and mainprised in person under penalty of twice the value of the wheat that Preston would take the wheat to those cities, and not to anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery under the seal of the mayor of Bordeaux or Bayonne , or other authentic seals, attesting that he had discharged the wheat in accordance with his licence. It is ordered that Preston be permitted to take the wheat to those cities without any impediments, first paying the customs, subsidies and other dues to the king, any ordinance, order or proclamation to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
13

23 October 1391 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to Halstede Ralph Halstead of London , servant of Adam Bamme, mayor of London , that he can take 80 quarters of wheat, loaded in a certain ship, to Burdegal' Bordeaux , or Baion' Bayonne to trade with. Halstead had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Bottesham John Bottisham and John Squiry , citizens of London, mainprised in person before the king in chancery under penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that Halstead would take the wheat etc. as above mutatis mutandis .

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
14

26 October 1391 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to Monion, Bone Menjon de Bonne, merchant of Baion' Bayonne , that he can take 120 tuns of wheat, loaded into certain ships, to Burdeg' Bordeaux or Baion' Bayonne to trade with. Bonne had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because John Warner , Havelok' Robert Havelock , Feriby Peter Ferriby and Arnaut-Guilhem de Sesze of London , 2 mainprised in person before the king in chancery, under penalty of the forfeiture of double the value of the wheat, that Bonne etc. as above mutatis mutandis [would bring letters testimonial] into chancery within a year of the date of these presents, etc. as above, mutatis mutandis .

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
2.
Possibly an Arnaut-Guilhem de Cize.
15

27 October 1391 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to Paye Reynold Pay of London , cordwainer , that he can take 100 quarters of wheat and 20 quarters of peas, loaded into certain ships, to Burdegal' Bordeaux , or Baion' Bayonne to trade with. Pay had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because William Thomer , tanner , Thomas Chapman, currier , and Robert de York, cordwainer , of London , mainprised in person before the king in chancery, under penalty of twice the value of the wheat and peas, that Pay would take the wheat and peas etc. as above.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
16

12 November 1391 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to Thomas Barsham, citizen of London , that he can take 80 tuns of wheat loaded into ships at Orwell , and 20 tuns of wheat in the Sandewicum port of Sandwich , in person and by his servants, to Burdegal' Bordeaux , or Baion' Bayonne to trade with. Barsham had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because William Crokebek' and Coleworth Thomas Colworth , citizens of London, personally mainprised before the king in chancery, under penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that Barsham [would take] the wheat, etc. as above mutatis mutandis .

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
17

8 November 1391 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to Totyng' Andrew Tooting and Bacoun Geoffrey Bacon , that they can take 30 tuns of salt, loaded into a certain ship in the port of London, in person and by their servants, to Burdeg' Bordeaux , or Baion' Bayonne to trade with. Tooting and Bacon had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Sibille Walter Sibble and Richard Abell of London , mainprised in person before the king in chancery, under penalty of twice the value of the salt, that they would take the salt to those cities, and not anywhere else, and that they would bring letters into chancery under the seal of the mayor of Bordeaux or Bayonne , attesting that they had discharged the wheat in accordance with their licence. It is ordered etc. as above mutatis mutandis . 2

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
2.
The entry is followed by a small space containing one empty set of entry marks.
18

Same as above For the delivery of the great seal of the king.

Memorandum that on 27 September [1391] the king appointed Thomas [Arundel], archbishop of York , primate of England, as his chancellor, and on the same day the great seal was delivered to the archbishop, just as appears in a certain memorandum enrolled on the dorse of the close rolls of this year.

For transporting wheat.

19

27 October 1391 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To all admirals, etc.

Grant of a licence to Seint Johan William de St John, master of a certain ballinger called le James of Dertemuth' Dartmouth that he can take 40 tuns of wheat bought by him and his servants in Kent , and loaded into the ballinger in the Sandewicum port of Sandwich , to Burdegal' Bordeaux , or Baion' Bayonne to trade with in person and by his servants. St John had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because William Cole of London , saddler , William Burleston of Devon , and William Wille of Plymmuth' Plymouth , personally mainprised before the king in chancery under penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that St John would take the wheat to those cities and not anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery within a year under the seal of the mayor of Bordeaux or Bayonne , or another authentic seal, attesting that he had discharged the wheat in accordance with his licence. It is ordered that St John be permitted to take the wheat from Sandwich to those cities without any impediments, first paying the customs, subsidies and other dues to the king, whatsoever orders of the king to them to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
20

12 November 1391 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to Bisshop' Roger Bishop of London , that he can take 60 tuns of wheat, loaded by him and his servants in the ports of London , Orwell or Sandewicum Sandwich to Burdeg' Bordeaux or Baion' Bayonne , to trade with. Bishop had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Havelok' Robert Havelock of London , ironmonger and Edmund Bys of London , stockfishmonger mainprised before the king in chancery under penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that Bishop would take the wheat to those cities, and not anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery attesting that he had discharged the wheat in accordance with his licence within one year. It is ordered that Bishop be permitted to take the wheat in person and by his servants to those cities without any impediments, first paying the customs due to the king, any ordinances or orders to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
21

14 November 1391 . Westm' Westminster . For the transport of salt. 1

Grant of a licence to Robert Bolt of Dermuth' Dartmouth , that he can take 300 quarters of salt in person and by his servants, loaded on to a certain ship in the port of London , to Burdeg' Bordeaux . Bolt had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because William Bast of Dertmuth' Dartmouth and Asshe John Ash of Devon , mainprised before the king in chancery under penalty of twice the value of the salt, that Bolt would take the wheat to that city, and not anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery of the mayor of Bordeaux attesting that he had discharged the wheat in accordance with his licence within one year, etc. as above mutatis mutandis .

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
22

15 November 1391 . Westm' Westminster . 1

Grant of a licence to John Ergaston' of London , that he can take 100 tuns of wheat bought by him in person and his servants, and loaded in whatever ports in England that he wishes, to Burdegal' Bordeaux or Baion' Bayonne to trade with. Ergaston' had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Hathelok' Robert Havelock and John Warner of London , mainprised before the king in chancery, under penalty of twice the value of the wheat that Ergaston' would take the wheat to those cities, and not to anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery under the seal of the mayor of Bordeaux or Bayonne , attesting that he had discharged the wheat in accordance with his licence, within one year. It is ordered that Ergaston' be permitted to take the wheat etc., as above mutatis mutandis .

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
23

26 October 1391 . Westm' Westminster . For the transport of wheat. 1

To all admirals, etc.

Grant of a licence to Denever John Denver , that he can take 200 quarters of wheat, bought and loaded onto ships in the port of London, or in whatever port he wishes in Kent, to Burdeg' Bordeaux or Baion' Bayonne to trade with. Denver had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Gilbert Maghfeld' 2 and Hugh Sprot , citizens of London, mainprised in person before the king in chancery under penalty of twice the value of the wheat that Denver would take the wheat to those cities, and not to anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery within a year of the mayor of mayor of Bordeaux or Bayonne , attesting that he had discharged the wheat in accordance with his licence. It is ordered that Denver be permitted to take the wheat to those cities without any impediments, first paying the customs, subsidies and other dues to the king, whatsoever ordinance or proclamation to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
2.
The well known London ironmonger and moneylender, whose reputation was severely damaged when he collaborated with Richard II when that king removed the mayor and sheriffs and suspended the city's liberties in 1392. Maghfeld' served as one of the sheriff's appointed by the king. For fuller details, see Elspeth Veale's biography in the ODNB - http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/52192.
24

7 November 1391 . Westm' Westminster . For the transport of rye. 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to Merlowe Richard Marlow , that he can take 60 tuns of rye, loaded onto ships in England, to Burdeg' Bordeaux or Baion' Bayonne to trade with. Marlow had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Hatefeld' John Hatfield and John Groos of London , mainprised in person before the king in chancery under penalty of twice the value of the rye that Marlow would take the rye to those cities, and not to anywhere else etc. as above.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
25

8 November 1391 . Westm' Westminster . For the transport of salt. 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to John Nichol of London , that he can take 30 tuns of salt, loaded onto a certain ship in the port of London , to Burdegal' Bordeaux to trade with. Nichol had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Lande Nicholas Land, esquire , of Somerset , and Gray Robert Grey of London , mainprised under penalty of twice the value of the salt that Nichol would take the salt to that city, and not to anywhere else, and that he, in person or by his servant, would bring letters into chancery within a year of the mayor of Bordeaux , attesting that he had discharged the salt in accordance with his licence. It is ordered that Nichol be permitted to take the salt to that city without any impediments, first paying the customs, subsidies and other dues to the king, whatsoever orders of the king to them to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
26

11 November 1391 . Westm' Westminster . For protection.

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Trayly John Trailly, mayor of Bordeaux , who is staying in Aquitaine, in the king's service, on the safe-keeping of that city.

By bill etc.

27

14 November 1391 . Westm' Westminster . For the transport of corn. 1

To all admirals etc.

Grant of a licence to John Corp, merchant of Dertemuth' Dartmouth , that he can take 200 quarters of wheat bought in England, and loaded onto ships in whatsoever ports in England that he wishes, to Burdeg' Bordeaux or Baion' Bayonne to trade with. Corp had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because John Dunne, citizen and grocer of London , and John Lederede , citizen and fishmonger of London , mainprised before the king in chancery under penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that Corp would take the wheat to those cities, and not to anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery within a year under the seal of the mayor of Bordeaux or Bayonne , or other authentic seals, attesting that he had discharged the wheat in accordance with his licence. It is ordered that Corp be permitted to take the wheat to the cities without any impediments, first paying the customs, subsidies and other dues to the king, any ordinances, proclamations, prohibitions or orders to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
28

17 November 1391 . Westm' Westminster . For the transport of wheat and salt. 1

Grant of a licence to Tilneye John Tilney , that he can take 50 tuns of wheat and 50 tuns of salt, loaded by him and his servants onto a certain ship in the ports of London and Sandewicum Sandwich , to Burdegal' Bordeaux or Baion' Bayonne , or to the king's towns of Brest or Leyborne Libourne . Tilney had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Colshull John Coleshill of London , and Duraunt William Durant of London , personally mainprised before the king in chancery under penalty of twice the value of the wheat and salt, that Tilney would take the wheat and salt to those cities or towns, and not anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery within a year under the seal of the mayor of Bordeaux or of Bayonne , or other authentic seals, attesting that he had discharged the wheat and salt in accordance with his licence. It is ordered that Tilney be permitted to take the wheat and salt to those cities or towns without any impediments, first paying etc. as above.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
29

17 November 1391 . Westm' Westminster . For protection.

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Paye Reynold Pay citizen of London , cordwainer , who is going to Aquitaine, in the king's service, in the company of John [of Gaunt], duke of Aquitaine and Lancaster , the king's uncle, to reside in the safe-keeping of the castle of Bordeaux .

By bill etc.

30

30 November 1391 . Westm' Westminster . For the transport of wheat. 1

To all admirals, etc.

Grant of a licence to Doget John Doggett, citizen and vintner of London , that he can take 200 quarters of wheat, loaded by him and his servants onto a certain ship in the port of London , to Burdeg' Bordeaux or Baion' Bayonne to trade with. Doggett had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Squyry John Squiry and Thomas Jenek' of London , mainprised before the king in chancery, under penalty of twice the value of the wheat and salt, that Doggett would take the wheat to those cities, and not anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery within a year under the seals of the mayor of Bordeaux or of Bayonne , attesting that he had discharged the wheat in accordance with his licence. It is ordered that Doggett be permitted to take the wheat to those cities without any impediments, first paying the customs, subsidies and other dues to the king, any proclamations, ordinances or orders to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
31

6 December 1391 . Westm' Westminster . For safe-conduct.

Letters of protection and safe-conduct until Easter next, for Tale Pey de Taller, esquire and servant of the Foitz count of Foix , 1 and his men and servants, and his goods and property, who lately landed in England to conduct certain difficult business of the count's, residing in England and negotiating with the king and his council on that business, and returning to his own parts.

By C.

1.
His family name suggests he was from the Taller family of Bayonne.
32

7 December 1391 . Westm' Westminster . For the transport of wheat. 1

To all admirals etc.

Grant of a licence to Matthew Gournay, kt , constable of the Akes, de castle of Dax , near to Baion' Bayonne , that he can take 60 tuns of wheat bought by him and his servants, and loaded onto ships in the Bristoll' port of Bristol , or Combewich' Combwich to the castle of Dax, for the sustenance of the king's faithful subjects there. Gournay had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Gournay mainprised before the king in chancery, under the penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that he would take the wheat to the castle, and not anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery within a year under the common seal of Bayonne, attesting that he had discharged the wheat in accordance with his licence. It is ordered that Gournay be permitted to take the wheat to the castle without any impediments, first paying the customs, subsidies and other dues to the king, any order of the king to them to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.

For the transport of wheat.

33

12 December 1391 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To all admirals etc.

Grant of a licence to Johan de Saas of Burdegal' Bordeaux , that he can take 60 tuns of wheat bought by him and his servants, and loaded onto ships in the Sandewicum port of Sandwich , to Burdegal' Bordeaux for the sustenance of the king's subjects there. Saas had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because John Tilney, citizen and vintner of London , and Arnaut-Guilhem [de Sesze] mainprised before the king in chancery, under penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that Saas would take the wheat to that city, and not anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery within a year of the mayor of Bordeaux , attesting that he had discharged the wheat in accordance with his licence. It is ordered that Saas be permitted to take the wheat to that city without any impediments, first paying the customs, subsidies and dues to the king, any order of the king to them to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
34

22 December 1391 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To all admirals.

[Grant of a licence] to John Hauley of Dertemuth' Dartmouth , that he can take 500 quarters of wheat bought by him and his servants in Yorkshire and Lincolnshire , loaded onto ships in the Kyngeston' super Hull' port of Kingston upon Hull , to Burdeg' Bordeaux or Baion' Bayonne for the sustenance of the king's subjects there. Hauley had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Hembrugg' Richard Hambridge, king's serjeant-at-arms , and John Hauley the younger , mainprised before the king in chancery etc., as above mutatis mutandis .

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
35

5 February 1392 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to Martyn Ramon Martin and la Place Pey de Laplace , merchants of Bordeaux, that they can take 150 tuns of wheat, bought by them and their servants in England, and loaded onto certain ships in the Sandewicum port of Sandwich , to Burdegal' Bordeaux and Baion' Bayonne , or either of them, to trade with. Martin and Laplace had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Robert Harry of London , vintner , Brounyng Henry Browning of London , fishmonger , and Arnaut Guilhem [de Sesze] of London , vintner , mainprised before the king in chancery in person, under penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that Martin and Laplace would take the wheat to those cities, and not anywhere else, and that they would bring letters into chancery within a year under the seals of the mayors of Bordeaux and Bayonne , or either of them, attesting that they had discharged the wheat in accordance with their licence. It is ordered that Martin and Laplace be permitted to take the wheat to those cities without any impediments, first paying the customs, subsidies and dues to the king, whatsoever orders of the king to them to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
36

Same as above

To the same.

[Grant of a licence] to Collynyan Johan de Colignan, merchant of Aquitaine , etc. as above, as far as certain ships in the port of Lenn' Lynn etc. as above, mutatis mutandis .

37

17 February 1392 . Westm' Westminster .

To the same.

Grant of a licence to Gilbert Maghfeld , that he can take 60 tuns of wheat, bought by him and his servants, from whatever port in Kent pleases him, to Baion' Bayonne or Burdegal' Bordeaux for the sustenance of the king's faithful subjects there. Maghfeld' had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Brun Stephen Brown of London , grocer , and Richard Crowebarowe of London , mainprised before the king in chancery, under penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that Maghfeld would take the wheat to those cities, and not anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery within a year of the mayors of Bayonne and Bordeaux , attesting that he had discharged the wheat in accordance with his licence. It is ordered that Maghfeld be permitted to take the wheat to those cities without any impediments, first paying the customs, subsidies and dues to the king, any order of the king previously directed to them to the contrary notwithstanding.

38

16 February 1392 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to Lambroke William Langbrook, clerk , constable of Bordeaux , that he can take 20 tuns of wheat, bought by him and his servants, and loaded onto ships in the ports of Bristoll' Bristol and Briggewatere Bridgwater , to [ Bordeaux ] for the sustenance of the king's people there. Langbrook had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Herteshorn' John Hartshorne of Bedfordshire , and Swyft John Swift of Somerset , personally mainprised before the king in chancery, under penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that Langbrook would take the wheat to that city, and not any where else, and that he would bring letters into chancery within a year under the common seal of Bordeaux attesting that the wheat was discharged there, etc. as above, mutatis mutandis .

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
39

Same as above

To the same.

[Grant of a licence] to Lambroke William Langbrook [that he can take] 30 tuns of wheat bought by him and his servants, and loaded onto ships in the ports of London , Sandewicum Sandwich and Wynchelsee Winchelsea , etc. as above. Langbrook has requested etc. as above.

40

26 February 1392 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to Fraunceys Johan Frances of Burdegal' Bordeaux , that he can take 120 tuns of wheat, bought by him and his servants, and loaded onto ships at the Sanctum Botulphum port of Boston , to Burdegal' Bordeaux , etc. as above. Frances had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Mayn William Main , Thomas Birstall , Broun Clement Brown and Tournour John Turner of London , mainprised before the king in chancery, under penalty of twice the value, that Frances would take the wheat to the city, and not anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery within a year of the mayor [of Bordeaux] attesting that he had discharged the wheat in accordance with his licence. It is ordered that Frances [be permitted to take] the wheat to the city [without any impediments], first paying the customs, etc. as above.

For 20 s. paid into the hanaper.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.

For treating with the counts of Armagnac and Foix.

41

22 March 1392 . Westm' Westminster .

Appointment of Lescrop' William Scrope, seneschal of Aquitaine , the captal de Buch , 1 the Dort vicomte of Orthe 2 and Master Podio, de Ramon-Guilhem de Puy as the king's special proctors, or two of them, of whom William or Ramon-Guilhem are to be one, to bring the Darmynak' count of Armagnac 3 into the king's obedience by all reasonable ways and means; to receive from him on the king's behalf, his service, liege homage and other oaths; and to negotiate with the count or his proctors, for whatsoever friendships, alliances, confederations and mutual aid that they are able to agree between the king and his heirs for their realm, lands and lordships, and their subjects and vassals on the one part, and the count for himself, his lands, territories and lordships, and his subjects on the other, in perpetuity or for a term. The king promises to confirm what they agree on his behalf.

By K. and C.

1.
Archambaud de Grailly .
2.
Johan d'Aspremont .
3.
Bernat VII d'Armagnac, count of Armagnac (1391-1418).
42

Same as above

Appointment as above as special envoys to bring Mathiu, count of Foix , [into the king's obedience] etc. as above.

By K. and C.

43

1 April 1392 . Westm' Westminster . For the transport of wheat. 1

Grant of a licence to Reynewell' William Reynwell , citizen and merchant of London , that he can take 160 tuns of wheat, bought in England and loaded onto ships in London by him and his servant, to Burdeg' Bordeaux or Baion' Bayonne to provide for the king's subjects there. Reynwell had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because John Denver, citizen and merchant of London , and John Ryder of London , fishmonger , mainprised before the king in chancery, under penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that Reynwell would take the wheat to the cities, and not anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery within a year under the seal of the mayors or governers of the cities attesting that he had discharged the wheat in accordance with his licence. It is ordered that Reynwell be permitted to take the wheat to the cities without any impediments, paying the customs, subsidies and other dues to the king, any proclamations or orders to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.

For the transport of wheat.

44

8 April 1392 . Westm' Westminster . 1

Grant of a licence to Hugh Boys, merchant of London , that he can take 300 quarters of wheat grown overseas at Middelburgh Middelburg , and which he bought and brought to the port of London , but was unable to sell without great loss because of the low price, to Burdeg' Bordeaux or Baion' Bayonne to trade with. Boys had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because John Walworth of London , vintner , personally mainprised before the king in chancery, under penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that Boys would take the wheat to the cities, and not anywhere else. It is ordered that Boys be permitted to take the wheat to the cities without any impediments, first paying the customs, subsidies and dues to the king, any ordinances or proclamations to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
45

6 April 1392 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To all admirals.

Grant of a licence to Vy Pey de Vic, merchant of Bordeaux , that he can take 100 tuns of wheat loaded onto ships in the Lenn' port of Lynn , and 100 tuns at the Sandewicum port of Sandwich by him and his servants, to Burdegal' Bordeaux or Baion' Bayonne for the king's faithful subjects there. Vic had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because William Sharpyng and Robert Harry , citizens and vintners of London, mainprised before the king in chancery, under penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that Vic would take the wheat to the cities, and not anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery within a year from either city attesting that he had discharged the wheat in accordance with his licence. It is ordered that Vic be permitted to take the wheat to those cities without any impediments, paying the customs, subsidies and dues to the king, any order of the king previously directed to them to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
46

16 April 1392 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To all admirals.

Grant of a licence to Dominicus, Boon Domenjon de Bonne, merchant of Baion' Bayonne , that he can take 50 tuns of wheat loaded into his ship in the ports of Cicestr' Chichester or Portesmouth' Portsmouth , to Burdeg' Bordeaux or Baion' Bayonne , for the relief of the king's faithful subjects. Bonne had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Havelok' John Havelock of London , and John Warner of London , personally mainprised before the king in chancery, under the penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that Bonne would take the wheat to the cities, and not anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery within a year under the seal of the mayor of either city attesting that he had discharged the wheat in accordance with his licence. It is ordered etc.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
47

24 April 1392 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to James de Rawes , that he can take 80 tuns of wheat loaded into ships in the ports of Sandewicum Sandwich or Orewell' Orwell , to Burdeg' Bordeaux or Baion' Bayonne . Rawes had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Edmund Bys of London , ironmonger , and Arnaut-Guilhem [de Sesze] of London , vintner , personally mainprised before the king in chancery, under the penalty of twice the value of the wheat, etc. as above, mutatis mutandis .

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
48

Same as above

Sanctus Johannes Stephen de Saint John has similar letters to take 120 tuns of wheat loaded onto ships in the Sandewicum port of Sandwich .

49

1 May 1392 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to Ment Saubat de Mente of Baion' Bayonne , that he can take 50 tuns loaded onto ships in the port of Sanctus Botolphus Boston in person and his servant, to Burdeg' Bordeaux or Baion' Bayonne for the sustenance of the king's faithful subjects. Mente had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Gamelyn William Gamlin and Arnaut-Guilhem [de Sesze] , citizens and vintners of London, mainprised before the king in chancery, under the penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that Mente would take the wheat to the cities, and not anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery within a year from either city attesting that he had discharged the wheat in accordance with his licence. It is ordered etc.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
50

3 May 1392 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to Bedyngham Ralph de Bedingham and Richard Kent , that they can take 100 tuns of wheat bought and loaded onto ships in the port of Lenn' Lynn by them and their servants, to Baion' Bayonne or Burdeg' Bordeaux to trade with. Bedingham and Kent had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because John Barle of London , draper , and Edmund Bys of London , stockfishmonger , mainprised before the king in chancery, under the penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that Bedingham and Kent would take the wheat to the cities, and not anywhere else, and that they would bring letters into chancery before next Easter attesting that they had discharged the wheat in accordance with their licence. It is ordered etc.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
51

6 May 1392 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to Outlawe John Outlaw , that he can take 300 quarters of wheat and 100 quarters of beans and oats loaded onto ships on the river Humbre Humber , to Burdeg' Bordeaux to trade with. Outlaw had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Gedeney John Gedney, clerk , and the same John Outlaw, personally [mainprised] before the king in chancery, etc. as above.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
52

4 May 1392 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to John Palmer and William Holyngbrok' of Rumpney Romney , that they can take 200 quarters of wheat bought in England, and loaded into ships in the Sandewicum port of Sandwich by them and their servants, to Burdegal' Bordeaux to trade with. Palmer and Holyngbrok' had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because John Rughede of Lincolnshire , and Richard Gregory of Rumpney Romney , mainprised before the king in chancery, under the penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that Palmer and Holyngbrok' would take the wheat to the city, and not anywhere else, and that they would bring letters into chancery within a year under the seals of the mayor of the city attesting that they had discharged the wheat in accordance with their licence. It is ordered etc.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
53

25 April 1392 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to Bearn Per-Arnaut de Béarn, kt , that he can take 40 tuns of wheat bought in England, and loaded onto ships in the Lenn' port of Lynn by him and his servants, to Burdegal' Bordeaux , both by land and sea, for his sustenance, and of other lieges and subjects of the king there. Per-Arnaut had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Framlyngham William Framlingham of London , skinner , Brounyng Henry Browning of London , fishmonger , and George Byrkys of Derbyshire , mainprised before the king in chancery, under the penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that Per-Arnaut would take the wheat to the city, and not anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery within a year under the seal of the mayor or governor of the city, attesting that he had discharged the wheat in accordance with his licence. It is ordered that Per-Arnaut be permitted to take the wheat to the city without any impediments or paying any customs to the king, any ordinances to the contrary notwithstanding.

By p.s.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
54

18 May 1392 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to Spycere John Spicer of Lenn' Lynn , and Oxneye William Oxney of Magna Jernemuth' Great Yarmouth , that they can take 600 quarters of wheat bought in England and loaded onto ships in the Lenn' port of Lynn , to Burdeg' Bordeaux or Baion' Bayonne to trade with. Spicer and Oxney had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because Sybyll' Walter Sibble of Cantebr' Cambridgeshire and John Drewe of Norfolk , mainprised before the king in chancery, under the penalty of twice the value of the wheat, that Spicer and Oxney would take the wheat to those cities, and not anywhere else, and that they would bring letters into chancery within a year under an authentic seal, attesting that they had discharged the wheat in accordance with their licence. It is ordered that Spicer and Oxney be permitted to take the wheat to those cities without any impediments, first paying the customs, subsidies and dues to the king, any ordinances, proclamations, prohibitions or orders to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
55

30 May 1392 . Staunford' Stamford . 1

Westclyve Edmund West Cliffe of Sandewicum Sandwich , and Westclyve John West Cliffe of Sandewicum Sandwich , have similar letters to take 300 quarters of wheat shipped from the port of the same town to the same cities by the mainprise of John Sencle of Huntingdonshire , and William Saxy of Essex .

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
56

16 May 1392 . Westm' Westminster . 1

To the same.

Grant of a licence to Popoungeay Robert Popjoy of Norwicum Norwich , that he can take 300 quarters of wheat and 100 quarters of rye bought by him and his servants, and loaded onto ships in the port of Magna Jernemuth' Great Yarmouth , to Burdeg' Bordeaux or Baion' Bayonne . Popjoy had requested that the king grant this, and the king agreed because John Burwell of Norwicum Norwich , and Billyngford James de Billingford , in person mainprised before the king in chancery, under the penalty of twice the value of the wheat and rye, that Popjoy would take the wheat and rye to those cities, and not anywhere else, and that he would bring letters into chancery within a year under an authentic seal, attesting that he had discharged the wheat and rye in accordance with his licence. It is ordered etc.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.