The Gascon Rolls Project

C 61/78

Gascon Roll for the 39th year of the reign of Edward III

Physical condition of the roll

The roll consists of twelve membranes. There are entries on all of the face sides, but on none of the dorses. The roll is generally in good condition.

C 61/78 39 Edward III (1365-66)

Introduction.

When one considers that Edward III had created his eldest son, Edward of Woodstock, as prince of Aquitaine, in 1362, it might be thought that business being dealt with in the Gascon Rolls would become significantly less. However, this roll reveals that this was not the case, and the English chancery remained relatively occupied with Gascon business, though the diversity of content found in rolls that pre-date the creation of the principality, was drammatically reduced.

The bulk of the entries contained in this roll are letters of protection and attorney for individuals going out to Gascony, or staying there. The vast majority of these entries specifically state that these individuals were going out to join the prince, or accompanying those serving the prince, and only a small handful are not indicated to be going for the service of the prince, though they may have in fact been going there for that purpose. Most of these individuals going to, or staying in, Gascony, seem to have been from the military class, though some are clearly from a clerical background, or had occupations related to victualling. ¹ One letters of attorney for John Bluet of Saxilby, is more out of place, for he was going with William Latimer, but not to Aquitaine, but to Brittany. ² A small handful of entries, far fewer when compared to the immediately preceding rolls, relate to licences being granted for either the prince or others to take victuals to Gascony. ³ Small numbers also relate to the arrest of shipping for the transport of troops and victuals. ⁴

Of those entries relating to individuals or groups going to Gascony for the prince's service, only one really stands out, and that is the assignment of John de Monmouth and James Thicknesse to select twelve miners in the Forest of Dean. The entry sets out that the prince had informed his father that he was in need of such skilled individuals. These were presumably needed for siege warfare in the principality, though at this point the duchy should have been enjoying relative peace under the truce with the French. ⁵

Because Edward III had transferred Aquitaine to his son, the king had far less reason to intervene directly in the business of the principality. Consequently the king made only one grant, that being to Hélias de Pommiers, kt, and the prince was ordered to implement the payment of his annuity, and to make landed provision for him when possible. ⁶ The other matter where the king had reason to intervene was justice, because the king, as sovereign lord in Aquitaine, still retained the right to hear appeals from his son's jurisdiction. It is perhaps ironic that the king retained this right, considering that one of the major reasons for the breach with the French kings was their insistence on their appellate jurisdiction. However, Edward III seems to have been aware of the possibility for conflict over appellate jurisdiction, and also of the potential for dissatisfaction amongst the subjects of the Plantagenets should justice be unduly delayed. The king committed immediate appellate jurisdiction to the prince and his court but the prince was 'to be aware, in his wisdom, of the size of the matter committed to him and so measure its beginning, progress and exercise out of fairness, piety and propriety, so that the prince's rights and dignity are preserved and the people of those parts when danger to persons and unwarranted expenses are removed under the king's happy direction, may rest in the sweetness of peace'. The king retained sovereignty and rights of appeal. ⁷

The king seems to have kept to this definition of appellate jurisdiction and returned several cases to his son's jurisdiction: clerks who were sons of citizens of Bordeaux complained of infringements of their jurisdiction by the prince's officers; ⁸ the workers and minters of Bordeaux, ⁹ made a similar complaint; and Pey de Lacaminade, burgess of Bordeaux, and Contor Faure, his wife, brought a case that had already clearly been through extensive legal procedures. ¹⁰ Three entries relate to an appeal of Pey and Arnaut de Monlarin, brothers and burgesses of Bordeaux, who had been dispossessed by the prince's officials of the inheritance which they claimed as heirs of Anna de Camparian. ¹¹ In this instance, the king committed the appeal to a further case brought by Adam Bregantoun , appealed a judgment in the court of Gascony, and was directed to Arnold Savage, mayor of Bordeaux. ¹² The last case, and perhaps the most interesting, was brought by the same Arnold Savage, who had formerly been lieutenant of the seneschal of Gascony, and related to incidents that had occurred during Savage's tenure of the office. ¹³ Savage had arrested a squire called Janekyn Mouton for terrible crimes, and Mouton had subsequently escaped from the castle of Bordeaux, and in the process of his recapture, killed Hugh de St Leger, a kinsman of Savage. Naturally Savage took exception to the death of one of his servants who was also a kinsman, and must have taken greater interest in the prosecution of Mouton. However, Mouton had evidently evaded justice by making malicious appeals and Savage sought remedy from the king. The king directed the case back to the prince's seneschal of Aquitaine, and the lords of Pommiers and Peire de Caseton.

Although the majority of business in this roll concerns letters of protection and attorney, a considerable amount of space is also devoted to one other matter. On the prince's arrival in the duchy, he had naturally demanded homage from those chief subjects. One vassal presented particular problems - the vicomte of Béarn - count of Foix Gaston Fébus. This vicomte did homage at Agen (12 January 1364) to the prince for the vicomtés of Marsan and Gabardan, but refused to do it for Béarn he claimed was an alod. He pretended there that he would only promise to do homage for Béarn if the prince could prove that it was owed. Then the prince asked his father's chancery to find and copy for him all sorts of documents concerning the homage given by the vicomtes of Béarn in the time of Edward I, which were subsequently copied in the rolls. These entries reveal just what a long term problem this was, for they relate to similar matters from the beginning of Edward I's reign, which had seen that king temporarily confiscate the then vicomte's lands after long and accrimonious litigation before the parlement of Paris. ¹⁴ They are documents that were also considered of such significance that they were also copied in the record now known as 'Gascon Register A', and produced in 1318-19 when the English administration was attempting to reconstruct the Gascon archive. Fébus' refusal to pay homage for Béarn to Prince Edward weakened the new principality of Aquitaine as this vicomté had been included in the large Aquitaine given to Edward III at the treaty of Brétigny-Calais. In fact, it was a tricky matter as this situation could prevent the full implementation of this peace treaty. It appears that the prince wanted to obtain this homage in resorting to force after his Castilian expedition. But it did not happened as the prince's army returned in Aquitaine exhausted and impoverished with a sick prince. Béarn will remain de facto sovereign until 1620. ¹⁵

Simon J. Harris.

1.: entry 51 , entry 62 , entry 101 & entry 110 .
2.: entry 2 .
3.: entry 1 , entry 19 , entry 81 , entry 82 & entry 97 .
4.: entry 30 , entry 31 , entry 32 & entry 74 .
5.: entry 21 .
6.: entry 88 , entry 89 , entry 94 & entry 95 .
7.: entry 33 .
8.: entry 24 .
9.: entry 71
10.: entry 25 .
11.: entry 23 , entry 90 & entry 96 .
12.: entry 63 .
13.: entry 27 .
14.: For fuller discussions of the problematic relationship between Edward I and the vicomtes of Béarn, and earlier links between the royal and vicecomital houses see Tucoo-Chala, La Vicomté de Béarn et le problème de sa souveraineté pp. 59-75; Powicke, The Thirteenth Century , pp. 284-7; Studd, R. 'The Marriage of Henry of Almain and Constance of Béarn', Thirteenth-Century England III , ed. by P.R. Coss & S.D. Lloyd (Woodbridge, 1991) pp. 161-80.
15.: entry 34 , entry 35 , entry 36 , entry 37 , entry 38 , entry 39 , entry 40 , entry 41 & entry 42 ; Gascon Register A , 3 Vols, ed. by Cuttino, G.P. (Oxford, 1975-76). On the relationship between Gaston Fébus and the Black Prince about Béarn, see Tucoo-Chala, La vicomté de Béarn et la vicomté de Béarn, 1343-1391 , pp.93-103.

Membrane 12

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1: 10 February 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For the prince of Wales .

To the sheriffs, mayors, collectors of customers, keepers of ports and other maritime places, bailiffs, ministers and other faithful subjects of the king.

Grant, by letters patent, by the king's special grace, of a licence to Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , that he can obtain 1,000 quarters of oats by Dabernoun John d'Abernon , the prince's servant, in Cornub' Cornwall and Devon , for the prince's money, and take it from the port of Plummouth' Plymouth to the prince in Gascony for the expenses of his household, without paying any subsidy or custom. It is ordered that Abernon, be permitted to take the oats to Gascony without impediment, any proclamation or order to the contrary notwithstanding.

By K.

2

20 February 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For general attorney .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for John Bluet of Saxilby , who is going to Britann' Brittany in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Latymer William Latimer , nominating Repyngale John de Rippingale and Robert de Melton, clerk , alternately. ¹

Codyngt' John de Coddington received the attorneys.

1.: The entry is followed by an empty set of entry marks.

For protections.

3: 26 January 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Peter de Cusance, kt , who is staying in Gascony in the king's service, in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By the testimony of the prince himself.

4: Same as above

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Peter son of William de Cusance, kt , who is staying in Gascony, in the king's service, in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By the testimony of the prince himself.

5: Same as above

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Philip Baynard , who is staying in Gascony, in the king's service, Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By the testimony of the prince himself.

6: 28 January 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Robert de Grendon, clerk , who is staying in Gascony, in the king's service, in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By the testimony of the prince himself.

For general attorneys.

3 February 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Wyclif Robert de Wycliffe, the elder , who is staying in Gascony in the king's service, in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating Wiclyf John de Wycliffe and Wyclyf Robert de Wycliffe, the younger , alternately.

Reissued because it was sealed in another manner, ¹ and Mirfeld William de Mirfield received the attorney.

1.: A not uncommon note found against entries, it probably meant that the original letters were issued under another seal, presumably one of the small seals, which was deemed unacceptable, and the letters had to be reissued.

8: 6 February 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Arnold Savage, kt , who is going to Gascony by the king's order, in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating Digge Roger Digg and William Broke , alternately.

Cotyngton' John de Coddington received the attorneys.

9: 8 February 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for John Maynard , who is staying in Gascony, in the king's service, in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

10: Same as above For general attorney .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one years, for Thomas de Hereford, kt , who is staying in Gascony in the king's service, in the company of the aforesaid prince , nominating Nicholas Gernon' and John Chaa , alternately.

David de Wollore received the attorneys.

11: 6 February 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Adam de Louches , kt , who is staying in Gascony, in the king's service.

By testimony of the prince himself.

12: 20 February 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Bondeby John de Bonby, clerk , who is going to Gascony, in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

13: 20 February 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Spridlyngton' William de Spridlington, clerk , who is going to Gascony, in the king's service, and staying there in the company of the prince .

By the testimony of the prince himself.

14: Same as above

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for the same William [de Spridlington] , nominating Spridlyngton' Richard de Spridlington, clerk , and Richard de Stokes, clerk , alternately.

John de Tamworth received the attorneys.

15: Same as above

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for John de Norton, clerk , who is going to Gascony, in the king's service, and staying there in the company of the prince .

By the testimony of the prince himself.

16: 22 February 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for John de la Haye , who is going to Gascony, in the king's service, and staying there in the company of the prince .

By K.

For general attorney.

17: Same as above

The same John [de la Haye] has letters of general attorney in England, for one year, nominating John [Barnet], bishop of Bathon' Bath , and Roger de Puttenham , alternately.

David de Wollore received the attorneys.

18: Same as above

The same John [de la Haye] has letters of general attorney in England, for one year, nominating Edmund FitzJohn and William West , alternately.

The same David received the attorneys.

19: 24 February 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For the prince of Aquitaine .

To the sheriffs, mayors, collectors of customs, keepers of ports and other maritime places, bailiffs, ministers, and other faithful subjects of the king.

Grant, by the king's special grace, of a licence to Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , that he can obtain 500 quarters of beans and peas, by John Prune , his servant, in Norfolk , Cantebr' Cambridgeshire and Hunt' Huntingdonshire , for the prince's money, and take the same from the port of Lynn to Gascony for the expenses of the prince's household, without paying the subsidy or customs. It is ordered that the prince, by his servant, be permiited to take the lasts from Lynn to Gascony without impediment, any proclamations or orders of the king to the contrary notwithstanding.

By K.

20: 23 February 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Arnold Savage, kt , who is going to Gascony, in the king's service.

By K.

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For the selection of miners.

26 February 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Assignment of Monemuth John de Monmouth and Tykenesse James Thicknesse , jointly and individually, to select twelve miners from the best of them in the Dene Forest of Dean , and cause them to be suitably arrayed at the cost of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , who has informed the king that he stands in need of many of miners in Aquitaine where he resides. Once they are selected and arrayed, they are to be ready and prepared before Easter next to go with Monmouth and Thicknesse or whomsoever else the prince's council should ordain, to the prince in the king's service, to reside in the prince's company. They are ordered to attend to this diligently, and Brien Guy de Brian, keeper of the Forest of Dean , and the foresters and ministers, and whatsoever other faithful subjects of the king there are ordered to obey them and be intendant on them when requested in all things relating to the assignment. ¹

By K.

1.: For a similar order in the following year, see entry in C 61/79 .

Same as above

Thomas Sergeant and Robert Cole have a similar commission under the same date. ¹

1.: For a similar order in the following year, see entry in C 61/79 .

23

24 February 1365 . Palais de Westm' The palace of Westminster . For Pey and Arnaut de Monlarin .

[in French]

Grant of full power to Peire de Caseton, lord of Gordon Gourdon , Serys Guillaume de Séris, kt , and the official of Bordeux Bordeaux , ordering them to summon before them the lieutenant of the seneschal , the juge of Gascony and the constable of Bordeaux , officers of the prince of Aquitaine , and the procurator fiscal of the prince , together with the parties in the complaint of Pey and Monlaryn Arnaut de Monlarin , brothers and burgesses of Bordeaux, and diligently obtain information on all of the circumstances of the appeal made by the brothers, by sufficient and notable people. If they find that things have been done contrary to, and in prejudice of this appeal, then they are to revoke these, and return them to their original state, putting the brothers back in possession of their inheritance and goods of which they were despoiled after the making of their first appeal, as ought to be done by right, and by the laws, usages and customs there. Having done this they are to obtain information, in the presence of the parties and the procurator, on the rights of the appellants in the inheitance that the brothers claim to have been dispossessed of, and whether they are the closest heirs to Anna, daughter and heir of Camparrian Arnaut de Camparian, late burgess of Burdeux Bordeaux , or not, and of all the other circumstances of the business. They are to send this information, together with whatever else they find, to the king and his council as quickly as they are able under their seals, so that the king is able to proceed to a resolution of the business, and to do justice to the parties as the king is bound to do. Caseton and the others, on the king's behalf, are to forbid the officers, and all the others whom this business touches, from damaging or harming the appelllants in their bodies or their goods, nor procure others to do so, until the prosecution of the appeal. It is ordered to all the juges, lieutenants, serjeants and officers of the prince, and all the king's other subjects there, diligently to obey and be intendant on Caseton and the others in the execution and completion of this business, in any way that they are required.

The Monlarin brothers have come into the last parliament held at Westminster, and have shown to the king by their complaint that they were in peaceable possession of all the lands, possessions, inheritance and other goods, moveable and non-moveable, by right as nearest heirs of the aforesaid Anna, daughter and heir of Arnaut de Camparian, late burgess of Bordeaux, he being the brothers' first cousin. Notwithstanding this, the lieutenant, with the juge and constable, not being aware of this situation, nor of the correct procedure, and against all of the usages and customs there, have put the brothers out of their possession of the same, and have detained it ever since, to their great damage and prejudice. As a consequence of this the brothers have appealled to the king as their sovereign lord. Afterwards the lieutenant, juge and constable, having been sufficiently notified of the appeal, have taken the keys of the brothers' houses, the profits of their vineyards and other goods, in prejudice of their appeal, and of the king's sovereign rights, and the brothers have made a further appeal. The king wishes to maintain all his subjects in their rights, and to do justice to them, and especially to those who have resorted to the king by appeal. ¹

1.: For related entries, see entry 26 , entry 90 , entry 96 , entry in C 61/79 , entry in C 61/79 , entry in C 61/80 , entry in C 61/80 , entry in C 61/83 , entry in C 61/83 , entry in C 61/86 & entry in C 61/86 .

24: 24 February 1365 . Palais de Westm' The palace of Westminster . For the the clerks of the citizens of Bordeaux .

[in French]

Order to Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , to cause the clerks who are sons of citizens of Bordeaux to use and enjoy their privileges and liberties which the prince finds sufficient, and which they have peaceably and continually enjoyed, and which they are bound to observe by the articles of the peace, and as he ought to do by the law, so that the matter does not return to the king. The clerks have shown the king in his last parliament, that they have been in possession of certain privileges from the king's ancestors, dukes of Aquitaine, as by right, and by well-known usage and custom for 100 years or more, and pay customs on their wine in the same manner that the citizens of Bordeaux do. However, the constable of Bordeaux , and others of the king's officers there trouble them in relation to their privileges, and constrain them to pay other customs on their wine, and in other ways, to their great damage, and in prejudice of their privileges and liberties, and they request a remedy.

25

24 February 1365 . in Palacio nostro Westm' The palace of Westminster . For Pey de Lacaminade .

Order, under the great seal, to Reynaud Desclaus, canon of Burdegalen' Bordeaux , ¹ and Faucherii Pey Fauchier, licentiate of laws , to summon before him the parties in the appeal of la Caminade Pey de Lacaminade, burgess of Bordeaux , and Fabri Contor Faure, his wife , diligently view and examine their rights, and arguments, and do full and speedy justice to them, not showing favour to either, just as by right and according to the laws, fors and customs there ought to be done. The king has committed the hearing and determining of the appeal and principal business brought before the king as sovereign lord of Aquitaine for Lacaminade and his wife, of a certain judgment made in the court of Gascony by the judge appellate, and was brought to the seneschal for Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine , and which was promulgated against the appellants, and for de Brull' Guilhem Dubreuil and Guilhema his wife, concerning certain inheritances that both parties claimed.

1.: See Lainé, F., Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae , 13, Diocese of Bordeaux (Turnhout, 2012), p.418, no. 5 (under the name of Reginaldus Desclau(s)).

26

26 February 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For safe-guard .

To all seneschals, constables, castellans, prévôts, ministers and all bayles and all the king's other faithful subjects.

Letters of protection and safe-guard, during pleasure, granted to Pey and Monlarino, de Arnaut de Monlarin , brothers and burgesses of Bordeaux, their vassals ( feodales ) and men, possessions, goods and merchandise, as the king, wishing to show them favour for their good conduct, has received them into his protection and safe-keeping. They are to be maintained, protected and defended, and no one is to be permitted to injure them in their persons or possessions. If anything has been done contrary to this, it is to be put right without delay. ¹

1.: For related entries, see entry 23 , entry 90 , entry 96 , entry in C 61/79 , entry in C 61/79 , entry in C 61/80 , entry in C 61/80 , entry in C 61/83 , entry in C 61/83 , entry in C 61/86 & entry in C 61/86 .

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27

26 February 1365 . Palais de Westm' The palace of Westminster . For the hearing of an appeal .

[in French]

Order to the seneschal of Aquitaine ¹ for the king's son Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , the lord of Pomiers Pommiers ² , and to Estiene Estève de Caseton, lord of Gordon Gourdon , ³ diligently to obtain information on the appeal of Janekyn Jenkin Mouton , and to view the process made before Arnold Savage, when he was lieutenant of the seneschal of Gascony , and if they find that the business is as Savage has related, and that he proceeded correctly, then they are to do what ought to be done in such cases, all grace and favour ceasing. All of the king's officers of the prince, and all the king's other subjects are to obey the seneschal and others, and to be intendant on them in the execution of these things.

Savage has come before the king in his last parliament to show, by his complaint, that lately, when he was lieutenant of the seneschal of Gascony, a squire called Jenkin Mouton was accused before him of a terrible crime, and by process of this business was taken and imprisoned in the castle of Bordeaux. Fearing that he would be attainted and convicted of the crime, Mouton broke out of the castle and prison, and remained at large until Savage, by his diligence, arrested him, but at that time Mouton had killed an esquire called Saint Legier Henry de St Leger , cousin of Savage, for which he was returned to the castle, and process had against him before Savage according to the laws, usages and customs there. However, Mouton, seeking maliciously to delay the execution and punishment, appealed to the king as sovereign lord, and as a consequence the execution and punishment has long been suspended and delayed, setting a bad example, and Savage has requested a remedy, and the king wishing to preserve his royal authority wishes justice to be done. ⁴

1.: Thomas de Felton .
2.: Guilhem-Sans [III] de Pommiers .
3.: This first name of Estève ( Estiene ) is clearly an error to name Peire de Caseton , lord of Gourdon.
4.: For an entry from Mouton complaining of Savage's actions against him, see entry in C 61/80 . In this entry the individual is identified as 'John Mouton'. Jenkin was a nickname meaning 'Little John" (John the younger).

For general attorneys.

28: 1 April 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Thomas le Despenser, kt , who is going to Gascony in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating Anne le Despenser and Ferers William de Ferrers, kt , alternately.

Woll' David de Wollore received the attorneys.

29: Same as above

Letters of general attorney in England, for the same duration, for Richard Golias of Stretton' Sturton , who is going to Gascony with Thomas le Despenser , nominating William de Fulbourn , and Whetele John de Wheatley , alternately.

The same David received the attorneys.

30

2 April 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For the arrest of ships for the prince of Aquitaine . ¹

Assignment of Dabernoun John d'Abernon, sheriff of Cornub' Cornwall and Spaldyng William de Spalding to arrest all ships sufficient for the transport of men-at-arms, archers and horses, in the port of Sutht' Southampton , and in every port to the west, and bring them to the port of Plimuth' Plymouth , at the cost of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , and deliver them to the attorneys or deputies of the prince there, so that the men-at-arms, archers and horses can board there, to go to Gascony in the king's service, to reside there with the prince. They are ordered to attend to this, and all the admirals, sheriffs, mayors, bailiffs, masters of ships, mariners and others to obey and be intendant on them when they will be warned to do so. ²

By K.

1.: A note in the margin states 'Void because it is otherwise below'.
2.: The entry is crossed out.

31: 2 April 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For the arrest of ships for the prince of Aquitaine .

Assignment of Dabernoun John d'Abernon and Spaldyng William de Spalding to arrest all ships sufficient for the transport of men-at-arms, archers and horses, in the port of Sutht' Southampton , and in every port to the west as far as Falemuth' Falmouth , and bring them to a place decided by the king, or his council, or the council of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , at the cost of the prince, so that the ships are well prepared and manned with mariners to go to the prince with the men-at-arms, archers and horses, to Gascony, in the king's service, to reside there in the king's company, at his cost. They are also to take sufficient security from the owners and masters of each ship, that they, on pain of forfeiture of their ships, and everything else they are able to forfeit, will have their ships well equipped, ready to go to the prince with those men. They are to arrest all those who resist them, and keep them in prison until the king orders otherwise, and to do all other necessary thinks quickly. They are ordered to attend to this, and all the admirals, sheriffs, mayors, bailiffs, masters of ships, mariners and others to obey and be intendant on them when they will be warned to do so.

By K.

32: 2 April 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For the prince of Aquitaine .

Assignment of Roger de Saham , John de Carleton' and Philip Pyncheon , to arrest as many ships and small ships ( navicula ) as are necessary, in the port of Lynne Lynn , for the transport of 500 quarters of beans and peas there for the consumption of the horses of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales in Gascony, at the cost of the prince, so that the ships are well prepared and manned with mariners to go to the prince with his servants. They are also to take sufficient security from the owners, masters and mariners of the ships, that they, on pain of forfeiture of their ships, and everything else they are able to forfeit, will go with the beans and peas and the servants to the prince. They are to arrest all those who resist them, and keep them in prison until the king orders otherwise concerning their delivery, and to do all other necessary thinks quickly. They are ordered to attend to this, and the mayor and bailiffs of the town and port, and the owners, masters of ships and mariners, and all other faithful subjects of the king to obey and be intendant on them when they will be warned to do so.

By K.

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33: 23 May 1365 . Palacium nostrum Westm' The palace of Westminster . For the prince of Aquitaine in the matter of appeals .

To Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

Pronouncement that the king commits to the prince that all appeals made by inhabitants to the prince or the prince’s court, or which may in future be made, belong to him and his court to decide, so that the detrimental adjournment of law suits, which is growing more frequent in the principality are shortened, and for the sake of the litigants shall be decided by a shorter examination, and offences are punished more frequently and litigants gain justice more speedily. It is the king's will and he grants to the prince his permission in whatever places in the principality he chooses to appoint sufficient judges with a practical knowledge of both legal systems, who are God-fearing, lovers of justice, and who abhorr the pursuit of monetary gain from cases, when and as often as the king wishes, and to appoint men to decide upon the merits of such appeals according to local law and custom and see that their decisions are acted on, unless someone is troubled by one of the prince's judges and decides to appeal to the king or his court, in which case it is the king's wish that any further procedure by one of the prince's judges is to be superseded and the king order that such an appeal is to be lawfully allowed.

Though the king gives the prince and the judges he appoints full authority by this document, he has reserved for himself sovereignty and right of appeal of persons in those parts which this document does not give up, though he does not wish to use them at present when their use is suspended for a time as the prince knows. The king desires that the foregoing is proclaimed where and when he see it opportune, but the prince is to be aware, in his wisdom, of the size of the matter committed to him and so measure its beginning, progress and exercise out of fairness, piety and propriety, so that the prince's rights and dignity are preserved and the people of those parts when danger to persons and unwarranted expenses are removed under the king's happy direction, may rest in the sweetness of peace. The king wishes that his son attracts, from his praiseworthy actions, the deserved love of the people for the king, prince and his family and its obedience, and he further wishes that he be given his grace and good wishes ever more richly as times go by.

By K. and C.

For an exemplification for the prince of Aquitaine

10 May 1365 . Palacium nostrum Westm' The palace of Westminster .

The king has examined the letters and memoranda in his treasury, and has found the following letters in these words:

22 February 1228 . Capsus Captieux .

Signification by Monte Catano Guilhem [II] de Montcada, vicomte of Byarn' Béarn , to Henry [III], king of England, lord of Ireland, duke of Normandy and Aquitaine, count of Anjou , that he has promised to Trublevill' Henry de Turbeville, seneschal [of Gascony] , in full court, that he will be a faithful and devoted subject to the king, and when the king comes to Gascony, will do homage and fealty for the land that he has in Gascony, just as his predecessors have been accustomed to do to the king's predecessors. He has also promised to Turbeville to provide counsel and aid against all men for the keeping and protection of the land of Gascony, for the king's advantage and honour.

Witnesses: A[rnaut de Piis], bishop of Vassaten' Bazas , A[uger], bishop of Aduren' Aire , Naveilles Ramon-Gassie de Navailles , Coarase Ramon-Arnaut de Coarraze ; Coarase Ramon de Coarraze , Marzan Arnaut de Marsan , Girgerez Aymeric de Gerderest , Doezet Ot de Doazit , Parcelley Ot de Parcellay , Cassebon' Ot de Cazaubon , Gayrosa Amat de Gayrosse , Pinibus Guilhem-Ramon de Piis , Ryons Bernat de Rions , Burd' Pey de Bordeaux , Morlan' Auger de Morlaàs , and others. ¹

The king considers that the above should be copied as in this letter and brought to the attention of all.

1.: For a full edition of the feudal recognition, see Gascon Register A , Vol. II, ed. by Cuttino, G.P. (Oxford, 1975) no.294, pp.627-8.

Same as above

The king has examined the letters and memoranda in his treasury, and has found the following letters in these words:

2 October 1273 . Saltu' Sault[-de-Navailles] .

It is to be known that on Monday 2 October 1273, in the presence of Guiraut [de Monlezun], 1 bishop of Lectouren' Lectoure , and Galhart [de Montaigu], 2 abbot of Figiacum Figeac and many others, in the church of Saint-Nicolas of Saltu' Sault , Lord Gaston [VII], vicomte of Byern Béarn , lord of Mons Catani Montcada and Castrum Vetere Castellvell , under no compulsion or force, not induced by trickery but entirely voluntarily promised and swore on the Gospels, binding himself to the forfeiture of himself and all his land which he holds from Edward [I], king of England , that he would not withdraw from the king’s court where he is, without his wishes or special permission, and Seguiny Arnaut Séguin of Stan Estang , Ramon Robert , Monte Acuto Arman de Montégut and Arnaut de Gabaston bind themselves to the king, on forfeiture of themselves and their lands and moveable and immoveable goods, to faithfully carry out their oath, and if Gaston, which God forbid, contravenes this promise and oath, they place themselves under the jurisdiction of the bishop of Lectoure, and the bishops of Aduren' Aire or Oleronen' Oloron willingly, granting that the bishops jointly or severally could distrain them or their lands by ecclesiastical censure and sentence of interdict and excommunication against them and their lands as often as they were requested by the king until they completely acceded to the wishes of the king. Gaston and the others named above surrender their rights to use all local custom written and not written down and all privilege or assistance of canon or civil law by which they might come before any judge wholly or in part against the above. As evidence they have all affixed their seals. ³

The king considers that the above should be copied as in this letter and brought to the attention of all.

1.: Bishop of Lectoure (1268-v. 1295).
2.: Abbot of Figeac (1260-88).
3.: For a full edition of the feudal recognition, see Gascon Register A , Vol. II, ed. by Cuttino, G.P. (Oxford, 1975) no.285, pp.620-1.

Same as above

The king has examined the letters and memoranda in his treasury, and has found the following memorandum in these words:

5 February 1278 .

Memorandum that Blyburgh' Gilbert de Blyborough, clerk of the wardrobe , delivered to Master Sancto Quintino Bonet de Saint-Quentin : ¹

2 October 1273 . Saltu' Sault .

certain letters sealed with the seal of Gaston [VII] de Béarn , and three other seals, containing that the same Gaston swore that he would not withdraw from the lord king's court without the king's licence. ²

6 October 1273 . ³ Saltu' Sault .

Item other letters sealed under the seal of the same Gaston [VII] , and another two seals, and beginning and ending as the previous letters, and containing the fact that Gaston swore that the judgment given in the court of Sanctus Severus Saint-Sever could be put in execution, and that he would render his castles and towns according to the form of the judgment.

11 November 1273 . Sanctus Severus Saint-Sever .

Item, other [letters] sealed with the seal of the abbot of Sanctus Severus Saint-Sever and Lord Seguyni, Stan Arnaut Séguin of Estang , and Marciano Arnaut de Marsan , and another four seals containing that the king was able during times of war to take Gaston [VII] 's lands, and that he was required to obey the law of the court. ⁴

19 December 1273 . Aquis Dax

Item, other [letters] sealed with the seal of Pons, dean of Xancton' Saintes , and Bernat, archdeacon of Bracento Brassenx in the church of Aquen' Dax , which also contains the tenor of the preceding letters. ⁵

14 January 1274 Ertesiu' Orthez .

Item, other [letters] sealed with the seal of Gaston [VII] , containing that, at the request of Russeyllica G[erardo] de Rossiglione, messenger of the pope , by which Gaston swore to abide by the king's wishes in everything.

Item, other [letters] sealed under the seals of the abbots of Saint-Martin and Saint-Augustine, Lymonic' Limoges , and of Bella Pertic' Belleperche , written by the hand of Ventura de Grinis of Mutina Modena , notary by the authority of the Empire .

Item, other [letters] sealed under the seals of the abbot [ Saint-Martin and Saint-Augustine, Lymonic' Limoges , and of Belleperche ], written by the hand of Pierre la Faurye , clerk of the diocese of Limoges , notary by papal authority .

24 October 1263 . ⁶ Morlana Morlaàs .

Item, other [letters] sealed under the seal of Constança, daughter of the same Gaston [VII] , given in French.

31 October 1373 . ⁷ Regula La Réole .

Item, other [letters] sealed with the seal of the same Constança , containing that she gave homage to the king of England for the castle and land of Mons Marcianus Mont-de-Marsan , and other lands, which she held by succession to her mother.

28 November 1273 . Mons Marcianus Mont-de-Marsan .

Item, other [letters] sealed with the seal of Constança , containing that she swore that she would restore her castles and garrisons to the king of England, or his seneschal, or on the orders of one of them.

The letters number ten and not more, and the same Bonet is made responsible for them.

The king, so that these are brought to the notice of everyone, has caused the tenor of the memorandum to be exemplified under the great seal.

1.: For a full edition of the memorandum, see Gascon Register A , Vol. II, ed. by Cuttino, G.P. (Oxford, 1975) no.81, pp.381-2. The following letters and documents are listed in the entry beginning with ' item' , and frequently reciting the initial words of the document and the final dating clause, but some provide less detail. The details of the initial words are not produced here, and the dating clause is summarised in the normal form for documents where possible.
2.: entry 35 .
3.: See Gascon Register A , Vol. II, ed. by Cuttino, G.P. (Oxford, 1975) no.87, p.393; &no.292, p.626; here this entry is dated to 2 October 1273. However, the entry is clearly dated on the basis of the previous entry, and is also clearly placed on a Friday. The first Friday after the feast of St Michael the Archangel is the 6 October.
4.: For a full edition of the entry, see Gascon Register A , Vol. II, ed. by Cuttino, G.P. (Oxford, 1975) no.300, pp.633-4.
5.: For a full edition of the entry, see Gascon Register A , Vol. II, ed. by Cuttino, G.P. (Oxford, 1975) no.305, p.639.
6.: The entry as it stands is dated to 24 October 1263, the year being made ' mille et ducentz et soissante et troys ', however in Gascon Register A , Vol. II, ed. by Cuttino, G.P. (Oxford, 1975) no.81, p.382, note 11, the entry is identified as a document now surviving as E371 in the Archives Départmentales des Basses-Pyrénées, and correctly dated to 25 October 1273.
7.: The date is given in the entry as ' ... in vigilia Omnium Sanctorum, annum ut supra ' which would make this 1263 rather than 1273. Because the date in the previous entry is dated incorrectly, this entry is also corrected to 1273.

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37

10 May 1365 . Palacium nostrum Westm' The palace of Westminster .

The king has examined the letters and memoranda in his treasury, and has found the following instrument in these words:

11 May 1274 . Lemonic' Limoges .

It is to be known that on this day and place, the guardian [of the Franciscans] Germanus German and Philipus Phélip , brothers of the Franciscan order of Oloron , appeared before Edward [I], king of England , Lord of Ireland, and duke of Aquitaine, and his court and council, and being present and summoned, the abbots of Saint-Martin and Saint-Augustine, Lymovic' Limoges , and of Bella Pertic' Belleperche , and many others, and the king had it proclaimed a certain schedule of the process and certain letters patent of Gaston [VII], vicomte of Béarn, sealed with his seal in this manner:

09 May 1274 . Lemovic' Limoges .

the guardian German and Phélip, Franciscan brothers of Oloron, appeared before Edward [I], king of England, Lord of Ireland, and duke of Aquitaine, and his court and council, on the behalf of the vicomte of Béarn, and exhibited letters patent of the vicomte in this manner:

02 May 1274 . Oleron' Oloron-Sainte-Marie .

Appointment by Gaston [VII de Montcada], vicomte de Béarn , lord of Mons Galteri Montcada and Castrum Veteris Castellvell , of the guardian German and Phélip, Franciscan brothers of Oloron, as his proctors and envoys before the king of England or his seneschal of Gascony, and to make clear to them the damage and harm that he and his people had suffered after the prohibition of the king of France, and to obtain compensation from the king or the seneschal, and to receive the response from them.

When these letters had been read there the two brothers, with the mandate of the vicomte, put forward other matters which they had been sent by him to deal with, namely that the castellans and people of the king had inflicted injuries and damage on the vicomte and his people after the time of the prohibition imposed by the king of France on the king of England because of an appeal made by the vicomte from the king of England, or his senschal, to the king of France. As a result they petitioned that the king and duke put right these injuries as is just.

To this the king of England and duke replied that after the imposition of the prohibition he had publicly ordered his senschal of Gascony, castellans and ministers that no subjects, officers or ministers should attempt to injure the vicomte or his people while the appeal was ongoing and the prohibition was in place. If anything had been done contrary to the prohibition, then, as the king had clearly laid down, the perpetrators would be punished. But because the appeal was too general, the king told the brothers that if the complaints were expressed more distinctly and in articles, then the king was prepared to do justice to the vicomte and his people.

The brothers, being thankful to the king, specified there and then certain points, and requested a specific day on the morrow at Limoges, following deliberation, so that they could put forward these points, and in writing. The day was assigned to them, and the process adjourned at the Franciscan's request. When the process resumed before the king and duke, the brothers said in Romance language ( Romana Langua ) ¹ that all that they had said was true, and their further petition was put in writing:

10 May 1274 . Lemonic' Limoges .

The brothers, sent by the vicomte [of Béarn] as his envoys to the king of England, report that harm and damage has been inflicted of the vicomte and his people, after the imposition of the prohibition of the king of France:

firstly, that the king of England had had it proclaimed throughout his land that none were to take in anyone from the vicomte's lands, or sell anything to them, or permit them to take anything from the king's lands;
item, the king had forbidden the vicomte's people to make use of their normal herbage and pastures, especially in the place called [the] Gert , ² and in the tenements of castles, namely Saltus Sault[-de-Navailles] , Castrum Novum Castelnau-Chalosse , Vonutum Bonnut , Lobierium Lobouer , Rupes Fortis in Tenisano Roquefort-de-Tursan , which places the men of the vicomte were accustomed to use for their herbage and pasture peacefully from time out of memory, and especially the inhabitants of Aspenses Aspe in [the] Gert ;
item, the bayle of Soula Soule prevents the vicomte's men using their pasture and rights of use, which they have been accustomed to have;
item, the bayle took certain men and animals from the vicomte, and detains them;
item, the bayle demanded payments from the men of the vicomte which they were not obliged to pay;
item, the bayle of Loboecium, Rupes Fortis Loubouer and Roquefort took certain men and many cows of the vicomte, and detained them, and has demanded money for their redemption;
item, the same bayle of Loubouer is not permitting the vicomte's men to plough and till their land;
item, the same bayle of Loubouer is not permitting the vicomte's men of the Vineis castle of Vignes , which is in the vicomte's fee, to reside there, and has taken 14 oxen from them by force;
item, he [the bayle] is disturbing the vicomte's men and their people, and troubling them in their rights and accustomed rights of usage, and both the bayle and others have inflicted much damage and injury in the vicomte's land, so that it seems that war has not ceased;

Consequently, the vicomte humbly requests that the king stops these things, so that there is no recourse to court, and see to it that everything is rescinded, matters are put right, and justice is done, and that he will prohibit his bayles from doing further damage to the vicomte and his people. The vicomte greatly grieves because of the discord, and does not wish any further trouble to ensue.

Item, the vicomte wishes that the king does not believe that his people have attacked the land of the king since the time of the prohibition, nor done any damage, though some people have alleged otherwise.

The brothers have reported this to the king on the vicomte's behalf, and assert their truth.

When this petition, and what the brothers had wished to say had been heard and understood, and the brothers had stated that they had nothing to add, the king deliberated with his council, and by the judgment of them and the court in writing, pronounced that:

all merchants from the vicomte's lands, and all people, can come into the king's lands, reside there, and depart, unharmed, without being attacked or injured, and contracts made after the prohibition should be paid in due manner to them;
concerning the second, third and fourth articles, the king is not utterly convinced of their accuracy, and has ordered the seneschal of Gascony to summon those who ought to be called, and, preserving the prohibition of the king of France, and also the rights of the king and duke, discover the truth, and do speedy justice;
On the fifth and seventh articles concerning the seizure of men and animals, it is ordered to the seneschal that if those men and animals are in a state of being out on bail, then they are to be released on bail, and if they are in a state of being freed, they ought to be freed, and the justice is to see that justice is done, preserving the honour and prohibition of the king of France, such that the king of and duke cannot be blamed, but so that his rights remain undamaged;
concerning the land and usage contained in the sixth and seventh articles, the king and duke has decreed that in the lands not occupied, or put into the hands of the king and duke before the prohibition of the king of France, the seneschal is to permit the men of Gaston to use their land; in other lands which were seized by him before the prohibition, nothing is to change, but doing justice, reserving in both cases the rights of the king and duke, and the honour and prohibition of the king of France, such that the king of England cannot be blamed, but observing his edict in all concerning this.

The brothers verbally accepted this decision, expressly asking that, in connection with the direction to the seneschal, a letter is written to the seneschal, and given to the brothers, which the king granted.

In evidence of this, the abbots of Saint-Martin [of Limoges] , and Saint-Augustin of Limoges , and of Bella Pertica Belleperche , who have been brought, summoned and requested to witness this, though that the king's seal should be attached to it. Drawn up in Limoges in a certain chamber next to the hall of the lord abbot of Saint-Martial of Limoges , before midday, on the month and day and time above.

Witness: the same abbots, Master Jean Dominique, Odinis Peire Odon, clerk , Franciscus [Accursius] son of Acursius Accursius , professor of law at Bon' Bologna , Lord P. de Charamento , Lord Simon de Ekandimento , kt, Feriol Estèbe Ferréol , ³ and Ventura [de Grinis of Modena], notary by the authority of the Empire .

Statement by Laufauria Peire Lafaurie, clerk of Limoges , notary public by papal authority , and judge ordinary, that he was present and attests the veracity of the account, and was present on the Thursday and wrote it out and sealed it with his seal together with the abbots. ⁴

The king, so that these are brought to the notice of everyone, has caused the tenor of the instrument to be exemplified under the great seal.

1.: This expression of 'Romance language' refered to the local vernacular romance language spoken at Limoges (of the 'langue d'oc' group). The expression 'Romance language' was used all over Europe in the regions compared with a language derived from Latin to name the local language in front of the Latin language.
2.: Lo Gert and in French le Gert named the regions of moors situated north-west of Béarn and south-west of the Landes. See Raymond, P., Dictionnaire topographique du département des Basses-Pyrénées (Paris, 1863), p.71.
3.: Lord of Tonneins .
4.: For an edition of this with a minor difference concerning the witnesses and warranty by the notary, see Gascon Register A , Vol. I, ed. by Cuttino, G.P. (Oxford, 1975) no.21, pp.167-172. It is likely that one copy was made attested by the notary with papal authorisation, and one by the notary with imperial authorisation.

38

Same as above

The king has examined the letters and memoranda in his treasury, and has found the following letters in these words:

11 November 1290 . Morlan' Morlaàs .

Letter patent of Roger-Bernat [III], count of Fuxi Foix , vicomte of Biarn Béarn , and Castrum Bonum Castelbò stating that he is ready to do what the king wishes, but he wishes it to be made clear that he promised to Constança, vicomtesse of Marcianum Marsan , for the king, and in his place and name, and also promised to the king that he would do homage and fealty to the king at a place and time to be made known, for the vicomté and land of Béarn, which he holds from the king in right of Margarida , his wife, and do everything else which the vicomte of Béarn is bound to do for that land, and he has sworn to do this on the Gospels. ¹

The king, so that these are brought to the notice of everyone, has caused the tenor of the letters to be exemplified under the great seal.

1.: For a full edition of the entry, see Gascon Register A , Vol. II, ed. by Cuttino, G.P. (Oxford, 1975) no.287, pp.622-623.

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10 May 1365 . The Palacium nostrum Westm' palace of Westminster .

The king has examined the letters and memoranda in his treasury, and has found the following letters in these words:

11 May 1286 . Morlanum Morlaàs . ¹

All are to know that Lord Gaston [VII de Montcada], vicomte de Béarn , lord of Mons Catani Montcada and Castrum Veteris Castellvell with the express consent of his first-born daughter Constança and Lady Mons Cathano Guillelma de Montcada , the vicomte’s daughter, has given under the title of a gift inter vivos voluntarily for himself, his heirs and successors, to his daughter Margarida, countess of Foix , and Lord Roger-Bernat [III], count of Fuxi Foix , her husband, as an increase of her dowry and to their joint heirs and successors as vicomtes of Béarn, Brulhois and Gabardan as follows: if it happens that Gaston dies without a legitimate male heir of himself and his wife Lady Béatris , or another wife, and that Constança dies without a legitimate male heir, then, in accordance with this present grant, Margarida and her heirs will, with full rights as a gift from Gaston, have the vicomté and the land of Béarn with all jurisdiction, rights, escheats and appurtenances now and in the future, and in that case Margarida, with the express assent of her husband, has quitclaimed and remitted to Gaston the vicomté and lands of Brulhois and Gabardan and the land in Catalonia , Maioritarum Mallorca and Aragon and other lands and goods of Gaston wherever they are for him to do as he pleases.

If Gaston dies with a legitimate male heir surviving he is to have the vicomté and land of Béarn, with all its rights and appurtenances. In case it should happen that Constança dies without legitimate children, Margarida, her heirs and successors, and the count are to have the vicomtés of Brulhois and Gabardan, by this present grant, and Margarida, in this case, has quitclaimed and remitted to Gaston the vicomté of Béarn and all her other lands with the agreement of her husband the count. And if the male heir dies without legitimate issue the vicomte of Béarn is to devolve to Margarida, and the count and their heirs and successors.

In cases when the vicomté of Béarn devolves as above to Margarida and the count, her husband, and their heirs, they are to pay Gaston’s debts for citra portus , damages and losses but those who have Brulhois and Gabardan will pay debts contracted there, damages and losses, safeguarding and keeping back what Gaston, in his vicomté and land of Béarn, both of land and other things, can give to his servants, leave for the salvation of his soul, and be bound as debts that have been contracted, damages and compensation, grant in fee, manumit or enfranchise ( affranquire ) as he sees fit, except for castles, boroughs and valleys, namely Ortesium Orthez , Salva Terra Sauveterre[-de-Béarn] , Oleyron Oloron , Monein , Salinum Salies[-de-Béarn] , Perdinum Pardies , Mons Guiscardus Monguiscard , Morlan' Morlaàs , Dasson Asson , Digon Igon , Montanerium Montaner , Iniudra Idron , Palum Pau , Pontacum Pontacq , Sumbueis Sus , Pulcrum Locum Puyoo , Mongaston , Havarrencs Navarrenx , Garres Garos , Holveyn Aubin and the valleys of Urssissaltus Ossau , Aspa Aspe , Batz Barétous , and other valleys, mountains, and fortalices of the valleys. But Gaston for debts, legacies and damages in his will may pledge the castles and towns of Orthez, Sauveterre, Pau, Salies-de-Béarn, and the castles and land of Harvallum Larbaig , Riperia Gavari Rivière-Gave , and all the land of Dagarenos Garenx , without alienation of his ownership. But the bayle of Pau, or the executors of his will, will receive from his rents or issues only 1,000 s. a year which Gaston assigned to him in certain places and issues, and the rents of the enclosure of the castle together with lantancra , mill, vineyard and wood and the executors of Gaston’s will or his agent are to hold the Castles, places and vills written above with rents, jurisdiction until Gaston’s debts and legacies and damages are paid, and his will completed, or until Lady Margarida, the count and their successors, have full quitclaim and release in the judgement of the executors from creditors and beneficiaries who have suffered losses and from others to whom Gaston had pledged in ways described.

If perchance war breaks out in the land or against the land of Béarn, Lady Margarida, the counts and their successors may help themselves from these places, in such a way that the fortalices of the castles remain in the power of Gaston’s executors or agent with full jurisdiction. But Margarida and the count shall have an army on horseback for the defence of the land and will exercise blood punishment, and will have an oath of fealty, saving the execution of the will in the above cases, but the wages, punishment and laws will be for the executors and bayles. It was also decided that the bayles of the castles and places now and in the future shall swear on the Gospels that they will keep these agreements and orders. And in the said cases they will hand over possession of the castles and places without obstruction and delay, and will deliver them if Gaston has a son to that son. And if he does not have a son or that son dies without legitimate issue they will deliver them to Margarida, the count or their successors. Gaston also wishes that his executors are to be bound to deliver the castles and places as above when his will is satisfied, that they are not to block his son’s or Margarida and the count’s issue’s possession, and will establish it on their behalf and in their name. And if one of them has their castle or something of theirs he is to swear to do the same. It was also laid down that in the case that the vicomté of Béarn and Gabardan came or should come to Margarida, the count and their heirs, the heir to Béarn must and is bound to pay to Margarida, the count and their heirs 10,000 l.t.nig. for the delivery of Brulhois as well as all its goods. It was also established that when the vicomté of Béarn or Brulhois and Gabardan devolved to Margarida, the count and the heirs of Gaston, transferring the possession of all the above in them or to them recognises and lays down that he possesses them on their behalf, and has granted that Margarida, the count and their heirs, can, under these conditions, enter into seisin and possession of the vicomtés and retain them of their own volition without the authority of any prince, lord or judge.

If Gaston has a male heir he is not to lose possession of the vicomté. If he dies while his wife is pregnant with a son, and Margarida and the count are in possession, then they are to be understood to possess it in his name, not their own. If the son dies and they have issue of their own then they are held to be in possession of it. If they have done violence in executing Gaston’s will, then the barons and people of Béarn are not bound by an oath of fealty until they have rectified their actions. If the vicomté comes to Margarida, and her husband is dead, then she is to hold the vicomtés for life, whether she has children or not. If the count survives Margarida, he will hold the vicomtés for life, but only if his heir and successor is alive. If the count and Margarida have no children, or their children have died with no legitimate heirs, the vicomtés are to revert to Gaston’s nearest heirs. Except that the count's heirs are to have Rivière, Navarrenx, Pardies and Garos. If Gaston has alienated any places under the said agreement they will remain under the vicomté de Bearn, except for any given to churches. Margarida and the count’s heir who has the vicomte of Béarn, is also to have the county of Foix to which the count will have all swear. Gaston has sworn that of the lands he should not alienate he has not done so except to Lady Constança and Margarida and the count. If he has, then he revokes such alienation, and declares it null and void. If he acts in any way contrary to this present instrument, it lacks any legality.

It is agreed that the count is to do homage to the king of England, and whatever the lord of Béarn should do for Béarn and other places if they come to him as above. It is also agreed that to ensure their loyalty, the count and Margarida will obtain the king of England's authority for this. The count, Gaston, Constança, Margarida and Guillelma promise, for themselves and their successors, to complete all of this, and not to contravene it in law or act, and they have sworn a bodily oath on the Gospels for this. The same Lord Gaston, as vicomte of the land of Béarn, sitting as judge ( sedens protribunali ) and the court of Béarn, solemnly make known this gift according to the custom of the country as they have the authority to do.

Membrane 6

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Same as above

For the greater strengthening of this the count, Gaston, Constança, Margarida and Guillelma have put their seals to this public instrument, together with those of Arnaut-Guilhem, lord of Andoniis Andoins , Ramon-Arnaut, lord of Gerzerest Gerderest , Bernat, lord of Cauda Rasa Coarraze , Ramon-Arnaut, lord of Doumy , jurors of the court of Béarn.

Witnesses: Arnaud Guilhem, lord of Andoins, Ramon-Arnaut, lord of Gerderest, Bernat, lord of Coarraze, Ramon-Arnaut, lord of Doumy, Insula Jourdain de l’Isle, the younger , Monte Alto, de Roger de Montaut , Arnaut-Guilhem de Marquès , Navaliis Assiu de Navailles , Brother Ramon d’Ogeu, warden of the Franciscans of Tholos' Toulouse , Master Novelli Arnaut Nouvel, professor of civil law ² and Master Miro Monte, de Guilhem-Ramon de Miramont, canon of Bazas .

Master Bentaio, de Brun de Bentayou, notary public of Morlaàs , by the will and consent of Gaston, Constança and Guilhelma, and at the request of the count and Margarida, wrote this instrument and affixed his seal. Also affixed were the seals of Gassie-Arnaut, lord of Navaliis Navailles and Saltum Sault , Arman de Gayrosse, lord of Balex Baleix , jurors of the court of Béarn, the communities of the towns of Morlayns Morlaàs , Orthesium Orthez , Sauveterre[-de-Béarn] and Oleronium Oloron .

2 November 1286 . Sancta Fides Sainte-Foy-la-Grande .

[Robert Burnell], bishop of Bath and Wells ³ and Cornere Master William de la Corner, dean of Wymbournen' Wimborne Minster , have examined a letter sealed with many seals corresponding in every word with the above, shown to them by Gaston, vicomte of Béarn, and Roger, count of Foix in the name and place of the king, and attesting to this they have affixed their seals. ⁴

The king, so that these are brought to the notice of everyone, has caused the tenor of the letters to be exemplified under the great seal.

1.: The dating clause notes that it is during the reigns of ' Philip [IV], king of France , Edward [I], king of England , Gaston [VII], vicomte of Béarn and Morlona Arnaut de Morlanne, bishop of Lasturen' Lescar '.
2.: The future cardinal Arnaut Nouvel (1310-7) originating from the county of Foix .
3.: The entry gives a capital 'L' for the initial of the bishop, but this is clearly an error for an 'R' because Robert Burnell was bishop of Bath and Wells at this date. This is perpetuated in the full edition of this document contained in the Gascon Register A , vol. I, p.181.
4.: For a full edition of this entry, see Gascon Register A , Vol. I, ed. by Cuttino, G.P. (Oxford, 1975) no.23, pp.175-182.

40

Same as above

The king has examined the letters and memoranda in his treasury, and has found the following instrument in these words:

22 October 1274 .

Sancto Demetrio Johannes de Saint-Demetrius , notary public by imperial authority , with the witnesses noted below, read and inspected the following genuine letters sealed with the seals of Guiraut [de Monlezun], bishop of Lector' Lectoure , and Galhart [de Montaigu], abbot of Figiacum Figeac , and Gaston [VII], vicomte of Béarn , lord of Mons Catani Montcada and Castrum Vetere Castellvell , which is established by the legends of the seal, and the tenor is word for word:

2 October 1273 . Sault[-de-Navailles] .

All are to know that on Monday next after the feast of the Blessed Michael, 1273, in the presence of Guiraut, bishop of Lectoure, and Galhart, abbot of Figeac, and many others, in the church of Blessed-Nicolas of Saltu' Sault , the Lord Gaston [VII], vicomte of Béarn , lord of Montcada and Castellvell , of his own fee will, promised and swore on the Gospels, pledging his body and the land that he holds from Edward [I], king of England , lord of Ireland and duke of Aquitaine , that he would not withdraw from the king's court without special permission, and Seguinii Arnaut Séguin of Stan Estang , Ramon Robert , Monte Acuto, de Arman de Montégut and Arnaut de Gabaston pledged their lives, lands, goods, both moveable and immoveable, that if the vicomte broke his promise, they would submit themselves to the jurisdiction of the bishop of Lectoure, or the bishop of Adiren' Aire or Oloren' Oloron , agreeing that the bishops, together or individually, can pass sentence on them by ecclesiastical censure, interdict or excommunication when requested by the king, renouncing all laws and privileges, written or unwritten.

In witness of this, the bishop, abbot, vicomte, Séguin, Robert, Montégut and Gabaston have affixed their seals to this letter.

This transcript was checked in the great hall at Westm' Westminster before Mortuo Mari Roger de Mortimer , Ingolismo Itier d'Angoulême , Hamelton' William de Hamilton , Luda William de Louth , Simon de Scopenge , Ralph de Hengham , Patryngton' Stephen de Patrington , clerks, Walter de Helyon' and Walter de Hopton , kts, as witness the archbishop of Cant' Canterbury , and Master Noger' Ramon de Nogaro, papal chaplain and nuncio in England, who have affixed their seals to add greater confirmation. Saint-Demetrius , notary public by papal authority, at the request of the chancellor of Edward [I], has written this, checking it with the original, and published it. ¹

The king, so that these are brought to the notice of everyone, has caused the tenor of the instrument to be exemplified under the great seal.

1.: For a full edition of the entry, see Gascon Register A , Vol. II, ed. by Cuttino, G.P. (Oxford, 1975) no.85, pp.388-390.

41

Same as above

The king has examined the letters and memoranda in his treasury, and has found the following instrument in these words:

22 October 1274 .

Sancto Demetrio Johannes de Saint-Demetrius , notary public by imperial authority , with the witnesses noted below, read and inspected the following genuine letters patent of Gaston [VII], vicomte of Béarn , lord of Mons Catani Montcada and Castrum Vetere Castellvell , the tenor is word for word:

14 January 1274 . Ortesium Orthez .

All are to know that Gaston [VII], vicomte of Béarn, lord of Montcada and Castellvell, is much perturbed and filled with the bitterness of grief to see that [the king] considers that he has suffered wrongdoing at the hands of the vicomte, whom the vicomte considers his true lord to whom he is bound by the debt of homage and allegiance. Since, therefore Edward [I], king of England , considers that the vicomte has committed grave harm to him, and in general has done him great wrong, and influenced by the pope and Gerardo de Rossiglione, papal clerk and nuncio, and wishing to acknowledge his fault when it is reasonably justified, and has sworn on the Gospels that, at Rossiglione's request, he will adhere to the king's wishes unconditionally.

This transcript was checked in the great hall at Westm' Westminster before Mortuo Mari Roger de Mortimer , Ingolismo Itier d'Angoulême , Hamelton' William de Hamilton , Luda William de Louth , Groppynge Simon de Scopenge , Ralph de Hengham , Patryngton' Stephen de Patrington , clerks, Walter de Helyon' and Walter de Hopton , kts, as witness the archbishop of Cant' Canterbury , and Master Noger' Ramon de Nogaro, papal chaplain and nuncio in England, who have affixed their seals to add greater confirmation. Saint-Demetrius , notary public by papal authority, at the request of the chancellor of Edward [I], has written this, checking it with the original, and published it. ¹

The king, so that these are brought to the notice of everyone, has caused the tenor of the instrument to be exemplified under the great seal.

1.: For a full edition of the entry, see Gascon Register A , Vol. II, ed. by Cuttino, G.P. (Oxford, 1975) no.86, pp.391-392.

42

Same as above

The king has examined the letters and memoranda in his treasury, and has found the following letters in these words:

2 October 1273 . Saltum Sault[-de-Navailles] .

All are to know that on Monday 2 October 1273, in the presence of Guiraut [de Monlezun], bishop of Lectorens' Lectoure , and Galhart [de Montaigu], abbot of Figiacen' Figeac , and many others, in the church of Blessed-Nicolas of Saltu' Sault , Gaston [VII], vicomte of Béarn , lord of Mons Catani Montcada and Castrum Vetere Castellvell , of his own free will, promised and swore on the Gospels to faithfully, before Friday next, fully execute the judgment given against him in the court of Sanctus Severius Saint-Sever concerning the seisin of his towns, castles and lands, because of many defects; and that he will do his best similarly before the same Friday, to put the whole town and men of Hortesius Orthez into the king's hands, especially those who are said to be at fault in the matter of the arrest of Sancto Laur' Guiraut de Saint-Laurent, kt , and envoy of Edward [I], king of England . Saving to the vicomte, his hereditary rights in the town, and if he is unable to fulfil these promises before the due date, or fails in either of them, he promises to do the king's bidding forthwith. ¹

The king, so that these are brought to the notice of everyone, has caused the tenor of the letters to be exemplified under the great seal.

1.: For a full edition of the entry, see Gascon Register A , Vol. II, ed. by Cuttino, G.P. (Oxford, 1975) no.87, pp.393-394, though this entry on the Gascon Roll is without the confirmation clauses by the notary, archbishop and papal nuncio which is found in the previous two entries, and all three entries in the edition of Gascon Register A .

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For general attorneys.

8 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one years, for Beimond John Beaumont of Devenshire Devon , who is going to Gascony, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating Weye John Way, clerk , and William de Luscote , alternately.

John de Tamworth received the attorneys.

The following have similar letters of general attorney for the same duration:

43.1: Same as above

Ryche William Rich , nominating Weye John Way, clerk , and William de Luscote .

The same John received the attorneys.

43.2: 5 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Lohereyn Nigel Loring, kt , nominating the same individuals.

The same John received the attorneys.

43.3: 12 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Thomas Peytevyn, kt , nominating Hockele William de Hockley and Patrich' Roger Patriche .

The same John received the attorneys.

44: 13 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for John del Woodhouse , who is staying in Gascony, in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By the testimony of the prince himself.

For protections.

16 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for John Wetherherde , who is going to in Gascony, in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By testimony of the prince himself.

The following have similar letters of protection for the same duration under the same date:

45.1: Thomas de Stathum, lord of Stopford' Stockport , Edward son of Thomas Talbot , William de Legh , Cheyny Alan Cheyney ; ¹

45.2: Cheyny Alan Cheyney , ² Thomas Dent , Thomas Tyl .

45.3: 18 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Testwode John de Testwood , John de Roche .

45.4: 10 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Walter de Ridware, kt .

45.6: 18 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Gilbert de Roche .

45.7: 20 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Dokeseie Richard de Doxey .

45.8: 16 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

John Charnels .

45.9: 18 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

John de Roche, kt .

45.10: 20 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Ralph Basset of Drayton .

By bill of p.s.

45.11: 18 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Ralph Basset of Drayton , kt , Frevill' Baldwin de Freville, kt , John de Sully, kt , Bracebrugg' John de de Bracebridge, kt , Duddelegh' Richard de Dudley, kt , John de Boyville, kt , Thomas de Preston, kt , Roger Darcy, kt , Bartholomew de Naunton, kt , Argentein Giles Argenton, kt , Wodehull' John de Woodhill , Meynyll' Thomas de Meynell , Welyngton' Robert de Wellington , John Belau , Hugh Neumarchee , Ralph Parles , John Wythemale , Hugh Daneslegh' , Wildebor John Wildboar , Rothewell William de Rothwell , Robert Robas , Duddelegh' John de Dudley , Walter de Risby .

1.: There is another individual with the same name in the next sub-entry, and it has been assumed here that they are separate people rather than a clerical error, though the latter remains a distinct possibility.
2.: There is another individual with the same name in the previous sub-entry, and it has been assumed here that they are separate people rather than a clerical error, though the latter remains a distinct possibility.

46: 26 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Hunte William Hunt , who is staying in Gascony, in the king's service, in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By bill of p.s.

47: 16 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Roger Darcy , who is going to Gascony in the king's service in the company of Ralph Basset of Drayton , nominating Edward Laurence and Wombewell' Hugh de Wombwell , alternately.

Mirfeld' William de Mirfield received the attorneys.

For general attorneys.

48: 24 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Dokeseye Richard de Doxey , who is going to Gascony in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating William de Preston and John Noble , alternately.

John de Tamworth, clerk , received the attorneys.

49: 8 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Bernard de Raspa , who is going to Gascony by the king's licence, nominating Hulm' John de Hulme, clerk , and Jordan atte Broke , alternately.

By the chancellor , and Woll' David de Wollore received the attorneys.

For general attorneys.

50: 12 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Ralph Parles , who is going to Gascony in the king's service, in the company of Ralph Basset , nominating Chawelton' Robert de Charwelton and John Clere , alternately.

Woll' David de Wollore, clerk , received the attorneys.

51: 16 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for John Dykes, clerk , who is going to Gascony in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating Newenham John Newnham, clerk , and Wydevill' Richard de Woodville , alternately.

John de Tamworth, clerk , received the attorneys.

52: 12 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Bretoun John Bretton, kt , has similar letters of general attorney, for the same duration, nominating John de Tamworth and Robert Belknap , alternately.

Mirfeld' William de Mirfield received the attorneys.

53: 15 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Nevill' Robert de Neville, kt , son of Nevill' Ralph de Neville, kt , who is staying in Gascony, in the king's service, in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By the testimony of the prince himself.

For general attorneys.

54: 18 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Wodhull' John de Woodhill , who is going to Gascony in the king's service, and staying there with Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating Ralph, earl of Stafford , and Newenham John de Newnham , alternately.

Woll' David de Wollore received the attorneys.

55: Same as above

The same John has other letters of general attorney for the same duration, nominating Reygnes Thomas de Raines, kt , and Edmund Fitz John , alternately.

The same David received the attorneys.

56: Same as above

The same John has other letters of general attorney for the same duration, nominating Wodhull' William de Woodhill , and John de Bretton , alternately.

The same David received the attorneys.

57: 17 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Meignyll' Thomas de Meynell , who is going to Gascony in the king's service, in the company of Ralph Basset of Drayton , nominating Meignyll' Richard de Meynell, kt , and Lichefeld' Simon de Lichfield , alternately.

The same David received the attorneys.

58: 13 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Seint Leger Ralph de St Leger, kt , who is going to Gascony in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating William de Alughton' , and John Solace , alternately.

Woll' David de Wollore received the attorneys.

59: Same as above

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Seint Leger Arnold de St Leger, kt , who is going to Gascony as above, nominating John Solace , and Surendenne John Surrendell , alternately.

The same David received the attorneys.

60: 20 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Bracebrugg' John de Bracebridge, kt , who is going to Gascony, nominating Sekyndon' Robert de Seckington, clerk , and Stanydelf Henry de Stonydelph , alternately.

John de Tamworth, clerk , received the attorneys.

61: 20 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Roger Darcy, kt , who is going to Gascony in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating Edmund Laurence and Wamwell' Hugh Wombwell , alternately.

The chancellor received the attorneys.

62: 28 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , until 20 February next, for John de Norton, parson of the church of Folkton , who is going to Gascony, in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By testimony of the prince himself.

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63: 16 April 1365 . Castrum nostrum de Wyndesore Windsor Castle . For Adam Bregantoun .

Order to Arnold Savage, kt , mayor of Burdegalen' Bordeaux , to summon the parties in the appeal case brought before the king on the behalf of Adam Bregantoun , before him, and view and examine their rights and arguments, and having diligently examined the whole process, and do justice without fear or favour, just as by right and according to the laws and customs of the country. The king has received an appeal as sovereign lord of Aquitaine on the behalf of Bregantoun , concerning a judgment passed in the court of Gascony by the appellate judge, but which has not been promulgated, which appeal was brought to the same judge and court, Bregantoun , but which found for Johan Broga , concerning certain sums of money and other property in a certain legal case which had been brought before the same judge, and which Bregantoun disputed.

64: 24 April 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Simon de Norton , who is going to Gascony in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating John de Tamworth, clerk , and Clement Spice , alternately.

Mirfeld' William de Mirfield received the attorneys.

For protections.

3 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Branncestre John de Brancaster, kt , who is going to Gascony, in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By the testimony of the prince himself.

The following have similar letters of protection for going to the same parts in the king's service, and staying there in the company of the same prince, for the same duration, under the same date, namely:

65.1: Reynham Edmund de Rainham, kt , Walkfare Richard Walkefare, kt , Mounceux John de Monceaux , Edmund Talbot , Sharnebourn' William de Shernbourne , Colyngham Walter de Collingham .

65.2: 28 April 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Standissh Ralph de Standish .

65.3: 5 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

William Baude .

65.4: 6 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

John Stalworthman of Asshewell' Ashwell , the younger .

65.5: Same as above

Otewy Richard Ottoway of Henxteworth' Hinxworth .

65.6: Same as above

John Fraunceys .

65.7: 7 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Stonore Richard de Stonor .

65.8: Same as above

Neirford Thomas de Narford .

65.9: 9 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Hugh de Ives .

65.10: 8 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Seint Legier Arnold de St Leger .

65.11: Same as above

Seint Leger Ralph de St Leger .

65.12: Same as above

Beneit William Bennett of Sandewicum Sandwich .

65.13: Same as above

Cranebrok' Richard de Cranbrook .

65.14: Same as above

Bretoun John Bretton .

65.15: Same as above

Beimond John Beaumont of Devenshire Devon .

65.16: Same as above

Ryche William Rich .

65.17: 12 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Willeye William de Willey .

65.18: Same as above

Thomas Peytevyn .

65.19: Same as above

Lohereyn Nigel de Loring .

65.20: 13 May 1365 .

Waleweyn Philip Walwayn .

For general attorneys.

66: 3 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Richard Walkefare, kt , who is going to Gascony in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating Gurneye Edmund Gurney , and William de Rudham , alternately.

Mirfeld William de Mirfield clerk , received the attorneys.

Same as above

The same Richard [Walkefare] has other letters of general attorney for the same duration, nominating Bergh William de Burgh, clerk , and John de Carleton' . ¹

The same William [de Mirfield] , received the attorneys.

1.: The entry is followed by an empty set of entry marks, though no space has been left for an additional entry.

68: Same as above

Letters of general attorney in England, for the same duration, for Reynham Edmund de Rainham , who is going [to Gascony] in the king's service, nominating John de Carleton' , and Walsyngham Edmund de Walsingham , alternately.

The same William [de Mirfield] , received the attorneys.

69: 5 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for William Baude , who is going [to Gascony], nominating Sewale Thomas Sewell , and William Clerk , alternately.

Richard de Ravenser received the attorneys.

70: 6 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for John de Ellerton of Mordon , who is going [to Gascony] in the king's service, in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating John de Dunton and Richard de Mordon, alternately.

John de Tamworth, clerk , received the attorneys.

71: 6 May 1365 . Paleis de Westm' The palace of Westminster . For the workers and minters of Bordeaux .

[in French]

Order to Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , to summon before him the workers and minters of the city of Bordeaux , and view and examine their privileges, franchises and liberties, and do full justice to them in such a manner that if he finds that their complaint is true, and cause them to peacefully enjoy their privileges, franchises and liberties, and to be quit and discharged of customs, tolls and other demands as they have been in the past. The workers and minters have shown the king by their complaint that they are privileged and enfranchised by letters of the king's progenitors, and confirmed by the prince, by the king's authority, [quit of] all customs, tolls, hundredths and fiftieths, and generally of all kinds of services. Nevertheless, the prince's officers and ministers in those parts have troubled and constrained the minters and workers to pay the customs on their wine and other goods against the form and effect of their privileges and franchises abovesaid.

72

8 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For general attorney.

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Fryvill' Baldwin de Freville, kt , ¹ who is going to Gascony in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating Stanydelf Henry de Stonydelph and Philip de Drayton , alternately.

Woll' David de Wollore received the attorneys.

1.: Seneschal of Saintonge (mentioned from 1365 to 1367).

73: 8 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Thomas Dagworth , who is staying in Britann' Brittany , in the king's service, staying there in the company of Jean [IV], duke of Britann' Brittany .

By the testimony of Burghcher John Bourchier .

For the arrest of ships.

74: 12 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Assignment of Spaldyng William de Spalding, serjeant-at-arms , and William Lench to arrest all the ships which are sufficient for the transport of the men-at-arms, soldiers, archers and horses, in the port of Sutht' Southampton , and in every port as far as Falemuth' Falmouth , and from there as far as Bristoll' Bristol and Chepstowe Chepstow along the river Severne Severn , and cause them to be taken to wherever they will be informed to by the king's council, or the council of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , at the cost of the prince, so that the ships are well prepared to go to the prince with the men-at-arms, soldiers, archers and horses to Gascony in the king's service, staying there in the company of the prince. They are also to take sufficient security from the owners and masters of the ships, under pain of forfeiture of the ships and everything else they can forfeit to the king, that they will take their ships, well prepared, to that place, and go to the duchy at the prince's wages. They are to arrest all those who resist them, and keep them in prison until the king will ordain on their punishment.

Spalding and Lench are ordered diligently to attend to this, and all admirals, sheriffs, mayors, bailiffs, owners, masters and mariners of ships to obey and be intendant on them, just as they will be requested to do so.

By K.

Same as above

In the same way Dabernoun John d'Abernon and Spaldyng William de Spalding are assigned to do the same in the places written below. ¹

By K.

1.: No places are listed following this entry.

76: 10 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Peter de Veel, kt , who is staying in Gascony, in the king's service, in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By the testimony of the prince himself.

77: 10 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For general attorney .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Cranbrok' Richard de Cranbrook , who is going to Gascony in the king's service, nominating Digge Roger Digg and Fifhide Richard Fifehead , alternately.

Woll' David de Wollore received the attorneys.

For general attorneys.

8 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Fryvill' Baldwin de Freville, kt , who is going to Gascony in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating Byrmyngeham Fulk de Birmingham, kt , and John de Tamworth, clerk , alternately.

The following have similar letters of general attorney for the same duration:

78.1: 13 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Waleweyn Philip Walwayn , nominating Olcastell' John de Oldcastle and Partrich' Roger Patriche .

The chancellor received the attorneys.

79: 12 May 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , until Easter next, for Cusyngton' Stephen de Cossington, kt , who is staying in Gascony, in the king's service. in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By bill of p.s.

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For general attorneys.

18 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Rothewell William de Rothwell , who is going to Gascony in the king's service, staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating Wolaston' William de Wollaston and John de Olney , alternately.

John de Tamworth, clerk , received the attorneys.

The following, who are staying [in Gascony] in the king's service, in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , have similar letters of general attorney, nominating the following for the same duration:

80.1: Same as above

Ralph Basset of Drayton , kt , nominating Shareshull' William Shareshill, kt , and Hugh Hopwas .

80.2: Same as above

Standissh' Ralph de Standish , nominating Wysewall' William Wiswell and Haywod' Thomas de Haywood .

80.3: Same as above

Ralph Basset of Drayton , kt , nominating Knyvet John KNinet, kt , and Wolaston' William de Wollaston, clerk .

80.4: Same as above

Standissh' Ralph de Standish nominating Matthew de Rixton and Wynkedelegh' Richard de Dinckley .

80.5: Same as above

Ralph Basset of Drayton , kt , nominating Wykham William de Wickham, clerk , and Newenham John de Newnham, clerk .

The same John [de Tamworth] received the attorneys. ¹

80.6: 22 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Cosyngton' Stephen de Cossington, kt , nominating Vyneter Robert Vintner and Adam Edmund .

Woll' David de Wollore received the attorneys.

80.7: Same as above

Cosyngton' Stephen de Cossington, kt , nominating Peter de Lacy, clerk , and Haldenne William Halden .

The same David [de Wollore] received the attorneys.

1.: All of the names in these sub-entries are bracketed against a dating clause indicating that the dating is the same as the head entry, and that all of the attorneys were received by John de Tamworth. The final Basset letter also has its own dating clause.

For the taking of herring and fish to Gascony.

81: 24 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

To the sheriffs, mayors, collectors of customs, keepers of ports and other maritime places, bailiffs, ministers and other faithful subjects of the king.

Grant, by the king's special grace, to Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , that John de Carleton' and Baillif Richard Bailiff , his servants, can purvey stockfish, white and red herring, and salt fish, in the quantity considered necessary, in the places they consider expedient, and take it to the nearest ports, place it in ships, and take it from there to the prince in Gascony for the supply of the prince's household wherever they are residing. The same is to be done at the prince's cost, and without paying customs or subsidies. It is ordered that Carleton' and Bailiff be permitted to purvey the fish and take it to Gascony at the prince's cost, without paying customs or subsidies, without impediment, any proclamation or order of the king's to the contrary notwithstanding.

By C.

82: 24 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

To the same.

Grant, by the king's special grace, of a licence to John Rous , that he can take 500 quarters of wheat in a certain ship called la Margarete of Northflete Northfleet , of which William Flifs is master, from the port of Northflete Northfleet to Falemuth' Falmouth in succour of the king's people there where there is a great dearth of corn, by which they are greatly oppressed, and trade with it there. It is ordered that Rous be permitted to take the corn from Northfleet to Falmouth without any impediments, whatsoever orders of the king to them to the contrary notwithstanding. Rous is to find sufficient security before the bailiffs of Northflete Northfleet that he will take the corn anywhere else that to those parts.

By C.

83: 20 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , who is staying in Gascony, in the king's service.

By K.

84: 28 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For general attorney .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Bartholomew de Naunton, kt , who is going to Gascony in the king's service, in the company of Ralph Basset of Drayton , nominating Edmund de Saxham and James de Eston' , alternately.

Peter de Barton, clerk , received the attorneys by licence of Walter Power .

85: 12 July 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Wetenhalle Thomas de Wettenhall, kt , who is staying in Gascony, in the king's service, in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By bill of p.s.

86: 18 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For general attorney .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Otewy Richard Ottoway , who is going to Gascony in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating Vyneter Luke Vintner and John de Dunton , alternately.

John de Tamworth, clerk , received the attorneys

87: 18 June 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For general attorney .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Duddelegh' Richard de Dudley , who is going to Gascony in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating Lichefeld' Simon de Lichfield and Derlaston' Richard Darlaston , alternately.

The same John [de Tamworth] received the attorneys.

For Hélias de Pommiers, kt.

28 July 1365 . Castrum nostrum de Wyndesore Windsor Castle . ¹

Grant to Pomeriis, de Hélias de Pommiers, kt , in consideration of his generosity and allegiance, and his labour on the king's behalf, while the wars were going on, for which the king wishes to reward him, of 100 l. of English money, or other currency to the value, to be taken each year for all his life by his own hands from the issues of the lordship of Aquitaine in a place and at terms that Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine , assigns to the same. The prince is ordered to see to it that the assignment is made, and Pommiers is satisfied without difficulty. ²

By K.

1.: Vacated because it was restored and the same Hélias de Pommiers has other letters patent of the king enrolled in the patent rolls of the present year for 100 librates sterling of land or rent, or in other money to the same value each year in the principality or lordship of Aquitaine [granted] to him and his heirs of his body legitimately begotten. And therefore this letter is cancelled and destroyed.
2.: The entry is crossed out. For the entry that replaced this, see entry 94 .

Same as above

And it is ordered to the same prince to see to it that an assignment for the same sum is made to Hélias [de Pommiers] , and that he is satisfied without difficulty. ¹

1.: The entry is crossed out.

90

15 August 1365 . Marlebergh' Marlborough . For licence to plead by proctors .

To Cazaton Peire de Caseton, lord of Gurdon Gourdon , Seriz Guillaume de Séris and the official of Burdegal' Bordeaux , assigned by the king as judges in the case or cases of appeal brought by Moleryno, de Pey de Monlarin ¹ and Arnaut , his brother, to the king as sovereign lord of the principality of Aquitaine, concerning a certain inheritance which was Campariano Anna de Camparian , now dead, the brother's niece, and which ought to pertain to them as her nearest heirs.

Grant to Pey and Arnaut de Monlarin, who come to England, and to various other parts, to sell their merchandise, the king wishing to show them favour, that they can, jointly or individually, appoint a proctor or proctors to represent them in this case, notwithstanding whatsoever customs that are used in Bordeaux contrary to this. Caseton and the others are ordered to admit the proctor or proctors appointed by the brothers, and permit him or them to prosecute and defend the case or cases. ²

By K. and C.

1.: The clerk has made an error, writing ' per Petrum de Petrum de Moleryno ', when simply ' per Petrum de Moleryno ' was meant.
2.: For related entries, see entry 23 , entry 26 , entry 96 , entry in C 61/79 , entry in C 61/79 , entry in C 61/80 , entry in C 61/80 , entry in C 61/83 , entry in C 61/83 , entry in C 61/86 & entry in C 61/86 .

91: 26 September 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For general attorney .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Styvecle Geoffrey de Stukeley , who is going to Gascony in the king's service, nominating Risceby William de Risby and Whytewell' John Whitwell , alternately.

The chancellor received the attorneys.

92: 20 October 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For general attorney .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for William de Felton , who is staying in Gascony in the king's service, in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating Pykeryng John Pickering and John de Halyden , alternately.

Woll' David de Wollore received the attorneys.

93: 7 October 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , until 24 June next, for Thomas Boys , who is going to Gascony, in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Ralph Basset .

By p.s.

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94

14 October 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For Hélias de Pommiers, kt .

Grant to Pomeriis, de Hélias de Pommiers, kt , in consideration of his generosity and allegiance, and his labour on the king's behalf, while the wars were going on, for which the king wishes to reward him, of 100 librates sterling of lands or rents, or in another currency to the value, each year in the principality or lordship of Aquitaine. To have to him and his heirs from his body, from the king and his heirs, by the service thence owed and accustomed, forever. Provided that if Pommiers should die without heirs of his body, then, after his death, the 100 librates of land or rents should wholly revert to the king and his heirs. Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine is ordered to cause the 100 librates of sterling, of land or rent, or other money to the value each year, to Pommiers, in a suitable place or places within the principality or lordship of Aquitaine where it is convenient for Pommiers to have it without subterfuge. And he is to cause Pommiers to be paid and have 100 l.st. , or other currency to the value each year at the four terms, until the 100 librates of land or rent are assigned to him from the issues of the principality or lordship. ¹

By K.

1.: For entries crossed out for this entry, see entry 88 and entry 89 .

95: 15 October 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For the same Hélias .

And it is ordered to Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine , to assign to the same Hélias [de Pommiers] the same 100 librates sterling of land or rent, or in another currency to the value each year, in a suitable place, or places within the principality or lordship of Aquitaine, where it is to the best advantage of Pommiers, without difficulty, and he is to cause him have 100 l.st. , or of another currency to the value, each year at the four terms, from the issues of the principality, until he can be assigned the lands and rents, according to the tenor of the king's letters.

By K.

96

10 October 1365 . Palays de Westm' The palace of Westminster . For Pey and Arnaut de Monlarin .

[in French]

To Peire de Caseton, lord of Gordon Gourdon , Serys Guillaume de Séris, kt , and the official of Bordeux Bordeaux .

Order, the king having understood that Caseton and the others have failed to act on his earlier letters, and have delayed by excuses the doing of justice to Pey and Moullaryn Arnaut de Monlarin , brothers and burgesses of Bordeaux, in contempt of the king's previous orders, and to the great damage and disinheritance of the brothers, that they are to view the king's letters, and without delay obtain information on the rights that the brothers say that they have to the inheritance, possessions and goods, and of all other circumstances contained in those letters, and make due execution of what they have been ordered to do so that the brothers do not have cause to complain further to the king through default of justice, and so that the king does not have to take action against them for this.

Lately, the brothers made a complaint to the king at his last parliament that they were in peaceable possession and seisin of all the lands, possessions, inheritances and other moveable and immoveable goods, as next heirs of Anna, daughter and heir of Camparrian Arnaut de Camparian, late burgess of Burdeux Bordeaux , Camparian being first cousin of the brothers, when the lieutenant of the seneschal , with the judge of Gascony and the constable of Bordeaux , officers of the king's son, the Daquitaigne prince of Aquitaine , though they did not have cognizance of the matter, and against their usages and customs, ejected them from their possession of their inheritance, lands, possessions and other goods, and occupied and detained them, to the great damage of the brothers, concerning which detention and damage, they appealed to the king as their sovereign lord. However, after the appeal, and despite the lieutenant, judge and constable being sufficiently notified of the appeal, the brothers have lost the keys of their houses, the profits of their vineyards, and all the other goods of their inheritance in prejudice of their appeal, and in contempt of the king's sovereign right, and the brothers appealed again to the king. The king, wishing to keep and sustain all of his subjects in their rights, and to do justice to them as the king is bound to do, ordered that Caseton and the others, jointly, or two of them, summon the lieutenant, judge and constable, and the procurator fiscal of the king's son, the prince of Aquitaine, and also the parties in the brother's comlaint, and diligently obtain information by sufficient people, and what they found had been done after the making of the appeal, in prejudice of it, was to be revoked, and restored to its original state, and they were to return possession and seisin to the brothers of the inheritance and goods of which they were despoiled after the making of their appeal, as by right ought to be done according to the usages and customs of those parts. Caseton and the others were also to obtain information, in the presence of the parties and procurator, on the rights that the brothers said that they had to the inheritance, possessions and other goods, and upon their lignage, and whether they were the next heirs to the same Anna, and of all the other circumstances of the business. And they were to send the information that they obtained on this to the king and his council in England, as soon as possible, under their seals, or in another sufficient manner, so that the king was able to proceed in the business to its final conclusion. Caseton and the others were further ordered to prohibit the officers, and all others that the business touched, from doing, or procuring others to do, damage to the appellants in their bodies or goods, for as long as the prosecution of the appeal was going ahead. ¹

1.: For related entries, see entry 23 , entry 26 , entry 90 , entry in C 61/79 , entry in C 61/79 , entry in C 61/80 , entry in C 61/80 , entry in C 61/83 , entry in C 61/83 , entry in C 61/86 & entry in C 61/86 .

97: 18 October 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For taking corn to Gascony .

To the sheriffs, mayors, bailiffs, ministers and other faithful subjects.

Grant, by the king's special grace, of a licence to Plente Roger Plenty , Bradlegh' John Bradley and Richard Tonkere , that they can take 140 quarters of beans and peas from Exemuth' Exmouth to Gascony. It is ordered that Plente be permitted to take the beans and peas to Gascony, paying the customs that are due, without impediment, whatsoever ordinances or orders to the contrary notwithstanding.

By C.

For attorneys.

98: 28 October 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Edward de Courtenay, kt , who is staying in Gascony in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating Welde William Weld and Loughe Robert Lough , alternately.

Woll' David de Wollore received the attorneys.

99: Same as above

The same Edward [de Courtenay] , has other letters of general attorney for the same duration, nominating Dabernoun John d'Abernon and William Ponton, clerk .

The same David [de Wollore] .

100: 25 November 1365 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Standissh' Ralph de Standish , who is staying in Gascony in the king's service, in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By bill of p.s.

For protections.

101: 3 December 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for John Dawe, poulterer , who is staying in Gascony, in the king's service, in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By bill of p.s.

102: 20 December 1365 . Wyndesore Windsor .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Besils Peter Bessels , who is staying in Gascony, in the king's service, in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By bill of p.s.

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For general attorneys.

103: 9 December 1365 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Bernard Donat , who is going to Gascony, nominating Roger de Wolfreton and Chaumberleyn Roger Chamberlain , alternately.

Woll' David de Wollore received the attorneys.

104: Same as above

The same Bernard [Donat] has other letters of general attorney, nominating Robert Crull, clerk .

The same David [de Wollore] received the attorneys.

105: 12 January 1366 . Westm' Westminster . For general attorney .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Latymer Thomas Latimer, kt , who is staying in Gascony in the king's service, in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating John de Saxton, clerk , and Wodeford' Richard Woodford, clerk , alternately.

Cotyngham Thomas de Cottingham received the attorneys.

106: 16 January 1366 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Totesham Richard de Tutsham, kt , who is going to Aquitaine, in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By bill of p.s.

107

12 January 1366 . Westm' Westminster . For general attorney .

Letters of general attorney in England, for the same duration, for the same Richard de [Tutsham] , nominating William Broke and Teldenne Thomas Tilden , alternately.

Reissued because it was sealed in another manner, ¹ and the chancellor received the attorneys.

1.: A not uncommon note found against entries, it probably meant that the original letters were issued under another seal, presumably one of the small seals, which was deemed unacceptable, and the letters had to be reissued.

108: 20 January 1366 . Westm' Westminster . For general attorney .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Harpeden' William de Harpsden , who is staying to Gascony in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , nominating Robert Simeon, kt , and Hanewode John de Hanwood , alternately.

John de Tamworth, clerk , received the attorney.

109: Same as above For protection .

The same Harpeden' William de Harpsden has letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year.

By bill of p.s.

110: 7 January 1366 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Braunch' Richard Braunche , butcher of Redyng' Reading , who is going to Aquitaine, in the king's service, and staying there in the company of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales .

By bill of p.s.