The Gascon Rolls Project

C 61/93

Gascon Roll for the 3rd year of the reign of Richard II

Physical condition of the roll

The roll consists of ten membranes. There are entries on all of the face sides, but on none of the dorses. The roll is generally in good condition.

C 61/93 3 Richard II (1379-80)

Introduction.

In many ways the roll for 1379-80 is a fairly typical one, with the usual groups of entries relating to appointments to office, grants and inspeximus , justice, and letters of protection and general attorney. In addition to this standard fare, there are several entries of a more specific interest relating to the luxuries of the Gascon nobility, and the papal schism.

As the reign reached its third year, a slow turn over of offices continued with new appointments being made to the most important offices in the duchy. Most important of these was the appointment of William Loring, king's clerk, to the office of constable of Bordeaux. ¹ A brother of Sir Nigel Loring, ² who was a significant member of Edward of Woodstock's men, the appointment of William Loring saw the entrusting of the office to an individual with close ties to the king's late father. ³ The other major financial officer was also replace with the appointment of Thomas Lombard as controller of the castle of Bordeaux. ⁴ The other significant appointment was that of Sir Matthew Gournay as seneschal of the Landes. ⁵ Like Loring before him, he had strong ties to Edward of Woodstock, serving in most of the major battles in France and Castile. Again this was the entrusting of an important office to one of the retainers of the king's late father. ⁶

The war with France inevitably loomed large. Like most of the recent rolls there are numerous letters of protection and attorney. For this roll the vast majority of the protections were for English soldiers going to Aquitaine in the king's service. All of the protections to English men were for six retinues - John de Roche, kt, ⁷ John de Trailly, kt, ⁸ John Sandes, king's esquire, ⁹ Richard Craddock, esquire, ¹⁰ John de Stratton, lord of Landiras, ¹¹ and John de Neville, lord of Raby, lieutenant of the king in Aquitaine. ¹² There are fewer letters of attorney, and though some of these were for individuals apparently unattached to retinues, these revealed one additional retinue for Thomas de Etton, king's esquire. ¹³ The soldiers being sent indicated the further supplementation and replacement of the English military presence in the duchy, several of the retinues being the following of Englishmen who served as leading officials in the duchy. There was also some provision for the mustering and shipping of soldiers to the continent. Several serjeant-at-arms were assigned to muster 200 men-at-arms and 200 archers in the retinues of Roche, Sandes and Craddock for their passage to Gascony. ¹⁴ Further assignments were made to negotiate in Devon and Cornwall for the shipping for troops to both Aquitaine and Brittany. ¹⁵

The impact of the war was also evidenced by the support that had to be provided for Gascon nobles who had remained loyal and lost land and revenue to the French as a consequence. Two of these were for Englishmen who had married into Gascon families - John Elkin of Villeneuve-la-Comtesse, and John de Stratton, lord of Landiras. Elkin was compensated for his losses with part of the money received from the ransom of the lord of Poix, a French prisoner of war, ¹⁶ and Stratton for his losses, and his capture by the French, with the lands of the rebel, Galhart de Got, lord of Rouillac. ¹⁷ Loyal Gascons who were also rewarded included Ramon-Bernat III of Castelnau, lord of Castelnau-Tursan, and Gassie-Arnaut de Caupenne. Ramon Bernat was rewarded with a 500 l. annuity, ¹⁸ and Caupenne with an annuity of 400 l. from the seneschalcy of the Landes. ¹⁹ Two further grants compensated Bordeaux merchants, Guilhem des Camps being granted a house in Bordeaux for the loss of his goods on the sea to the enemy, ²⁰ and Arnaut Martin with two houses. ²¹ Loyal servants were also rewarded - Pélegrin de Cause, esquire, received a grant of 12 d.st. a day, ²² and Master Guiraut de Mente, a more senior figure in the Anglo-Gascon administration, serving on the council in the duchy, received an annuity of 25 marks. ²³ This was not restricted to Gascon loyalists, a corrody was granted in the abbey of Sainte-Croix in Bordeaux, to John Spenser, king's serjeant. ²⁴

Like the preceding roll, the references to trading matters are brief. This is perhaps because very few of the licences for merchant to trade, which account for substantial numbers of trade related entries, are almost non-existant on this roll, with only one such entry recorded on the roll. ²⁵ Of the few entries on the roll, one group relates to the problems faced by Bordeaux merchants bring goods into England to ship onto Bordeaux, offloading, but not trading with the goods. Much of this trade originated in Flanders, and principally to ensure a safer return voyage, the merchants brought the goods into England. The merchants were granted the right to bring the goods to England, and provided those goods were not traded with, were to be free of custom. ²⁶ The collectors of customs in several of the principal English ports were ordered to permit the merchants to do this. ²⁷ Two further entries relate to a dispute over the seizure by the king of Navarre of the goods of two Bayonne merchants, though disputes between those merchants and the Iberian kingdoms were by no means unusual ²⁸ and to the granting of licences in Bordeaux for Breton merchants wishing to trade there, again a not unusual occurrence with the English keen to shore up their shaky alliance with the dukes of Brittany. ²⁹

A small number of entries relating to justice also appear on the roll. One of these resulted from the inevitable dislocation of the war, with Pey de Lamothe, lord of Roquetaillade, concerning land held by his nephew which had been seized into the king's hands because of the rebellion of the lord of Preissac. ³⁰ Unlike many of the preceding rolls which have numerous appeal cases, only one appears on this roll, and that concerned a dispute between merchants of Bayonne, with the decision of the judges of the superior court of Aquitaine. ³¹ One particularly interesting group of entries relates to Domenges de Pardies, a chaplain originating in Bayonne. He had found himself imprisoned in England accused of abusing his position as a special agent for certain unnamed individuals at the Roman Curia. He was accused of obtaining by trickery the benefices of the deanery of Saint-Émilion, and prebends in the churches of Saint-André and Saint-Seurin in Bordeaux. The abuse of such opportunities at the Roman Curia was not by any means unusual, but, it would seem, Pardies was able to show that he had acted honourably with letters of recommendation, and orders were given to give Pardies those benefices. ³²

The papal schism begain in 1378 with the double election of Urban VI and Clement VII, in Rome and Avignon respectively. The election devided Europe with the English government and Church recognising the pope in Rome. Since this was early in Richard II's minority, he could have had little direct involvement in this decision, and it was only later in the reign when Richard's choice of bride came to the fore, and when Richard's mind turned to healing the schism as part of a wider peace settlement with the French, that the king was forced to actively engage with the issue. The roll itself illustrates the problems that the schism very quickly revealed in areas such as Aquitaine where loyalties were divided between the parts of the duchy controlled by the French and English who were on opposite sides in the schism. Very early on in the roll a grant had to be made to Robert Hales, the prior of the hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem in England, of the custody of the preceptory of the Hospital in Bordeaux. ³³ The grant was made during the war with the French because, as the entry explains, 'the preceptory is presently occupied by a brother who is a friend and adherent of the French enemy'. The action taken over the preceptory must have been one of many taken where the occupiers of senior ecclesiastical offices did not recognise the same pope as their ruler did. Towards the end of the roll on 4 May 1380 a general signification exhorted the king's subjects to accept Pope Urban VI. This was made because the new bishop of Dax had informed the king that 'great discord and dissension had arisen in Dax and other places in Aquitaine' over the schism. That the bishop of Dax had good cause to acquaint the king of such trouble must have come from personal experience. Having been newly provided, the bishop faced a difficulty with his presentation. Juan Gutiérrez had been provided by Pope Urban VI, and the chapter of the church of Dax were ordered accordingly to permit the bishop to hold his office. ³⁴ However, the bishop did face opposition, particularly when it came to his temporalities. Gassie, lord of Osserain, had to be ordered to hand over the bishop's castle of Saint-Pandelon to the bishop and his officers, he having held it by force 'with acts of violence and war against the ministers of the bishop'. ³⁵

A few other entries are of interest. One group of these entries relate to John of Gaunt, and a grant of the right to mint gold, silver and other metals in Bayonne and Dax, and a protection relating to this minting. It is not entirely clear what this grant was for, but since the English had recently been involved in the hostilities between Castile and Navarre, and Gaunt clearly harboured ambitions on the kingdom of Castile in right of his wife, as the use of the royal title in these entries emphasises. ³⁶ The other entry is the order made to the king's customers in the port of London to permit Arnaut de Gironde, merchant of Bordeaux, to export luxury soft furnishings, pertaining to the captal de Buch, some of the items being embroidered with the captal's arms. The nature and detail of the entry is particularly unusual, and gives us a more personal if small insight into the life of the Gascon nobility, for in addition to the embroidering of the captal's arms onto some of the items, some of the others seem to be associated with hangings for an altar. ³⁷

Simon J. Harris.

1.: entry 53 , entry 54 , entry 55 & entry 56 .
2.: His biography is on A Bibliographical Register of the University of Oxford to A.D. 1500 , vol. III, P to Z, ed. A.B. Emden, (Oxford, 1959), p. 1163.
3.: Green, D.S., 'The Household and Military Retinue of Edward the Black Prince' (Nottingham PhD thesis), vol. II, pp.95-100.
4.: entry 1 & entry 2 .
5.: entry 49 .
6.: Green, op. cit. , p.77.
7.: entry , entry , entry 4.2 , entry 4.3 , entry 4.4 , entry 4.5 , entry 4.5 , entry 4.6 , entry 4.7 & entry 9 .
8.: entry , entry , entry 30 & entry 30.1 .
9.: entry 13 , entry 14 , entry , entry , entry , entry 14.4 , entry , entry 14.6 & entry 83 .
10.: entry , entry , entry , entry , entry , entry , entry 24 , entry 62 & entry 83 .
11.: entry , entry , entry 19.2 & entry 45 .
12.: entry , entry 43 .
13.: .
14.: entry 18 .
15.: entry 8 & entry 32 .
16.: entry 26 , entry 27 & entry 28 .
17.: entry 44 .
18.: entry 6 & entry 7 .
19.: entry 16 & entry 17 .
20.: entry 34 .
21.: entry 35 .
22.: entry 39 & entry 40 .
23.: entry 41 , entry 42 & entry 43 .
24.: entry 10 & entry 11 .
25.: entry 63 .
26.: entry 57 .
27.: entry 61 , entry 61.1 , entry 61.2 , entry 61.3 & entry 61.4 .
28.: entry 69 .
29.: entry 73 .
30.: entry 38 .
31.: entry 70 .
32.: entry 66 , entry 67 & entry 68 .
33.: entry 12 .
34.: entry 72 .
35.: entry 84 . The actions of Gassie seem to have been part of a wider campaign of criminality - entry 71 .
36.: entry 76 , entry 77 & entry 78 .
37.: entry 3 .

Membrane 10

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For the grant of the office of controller of the castle of Bordeaux.

1 July 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters patent granting to Lumbard Thomas Lombard the office of controller of the Burdeg' castle of Bordeaux , holding the same during pleasure, taking in that office what others who have held it have taken. ¹

By p.s.

1.: This initial entry gives the full title of Richard II.

2: Same as above

And it is ordered to the constable of Bordeaux to pay to Thomas [Lombard] such wages or fees that others have taken in the office [controller of the castle of Bordeaux], from the issues and profits of the castle, for as long as he holds that office. Receiving from Thomas his letters of acquittance attesting receipt of the payment, by which he can due allowance in his account.

By the same writ.

3

1 July 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For the captal de Buch .

Order to the king's customers in the port of London , the king wishing to give his special grace to the captal de Buch , ¹ to permit Geronde Arnaut de Gironde, merchant of Burdegal' Bordeaux , to take 36 coverlets ( coverlitz ), one dossal ( docerum ) with curtains ( costeris ), ² twelve cushions ( quissinos ), 16 cloths ( tapeta ) ³ and nine bench-covers ( bankeros ) ⁴ of the captal embroidered with his arms ( de opere tapisterio armis suis insignita ), for the use and store of the captal made in London, to be loaded in ships in the port to be taken to Gascony to be delivered to the captal, without paying the custom or subsidy to the king's use.

1.: Archambaud de Grailly .
2.: From the Anglo-Norman docer of dosser , a dossal was a curtain, an ornamental cloth, which could be hung at the back of an altar. Its linking to coster , another Anglo-Norman word for curtains or side-curtains clearly indicates hangings of some kind, perhaps an enclosure for a bed or altar.
3.: DML , fasc XVII, p.3371, indicates that this is a piece of fabric, typically ornamented, for spreading out on a surface. This could be a bed-cloth, coverlet or counterpance, a table-cloth, carpet, rug or a wall hanging such as a tapestry.
4.: From the Anglo-Norman bancher .

For protection.

28 June 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Thomas Dale , who is going to Aquitaine, in the king's service, in the company of John de Roche, kt .

By bill of p.s.

The following who are going in the king's service in the company of John [Roche], kt , to the aforesaid parts, and residing there in the king's service with the same John, for the same duration, under the following date:

4.1: 26 June 1379 .

John Trussell, son and heir of Theobald Trussell , kt .

By bill etc.

4.2: 12 July 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Stodeley Nicholas Studley .

By bill etc.

4.3: 13 July 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Rede William Read .

By bill etc.

4.4: 4 August 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Oklond' John Oakland .

By bill etc.

4.5: 8 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

George Louches , Alexander Paynot , John Audener .

By bill etc.

4.6: 18 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

John Frome , Shrovisbury Thomas Shrewsbury , John Humbircolt .

By bill etc.

4.7: 12 October 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

John Brian of Swynford Swinford .

By bill etc.

For protections.

3 July 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Halsale John de Halsall, of Lancashire , esquire , who is going to Aquitaine, in the king's service in the company of Trayle John de Trailly, kt , to stay there in the king's service.

By bill of p.s.

The following who are going in the same service in the company of the same John Trailly to the same parts, have similar letters under the same date:

5.1: Same as above

Fernham Robert Farnham, esquire . ¹

By bill etc.

1.: The entry is followed by a gap with two empty entry marks, perhaps suggesting that the names of other recipients of letters of protection were supposed to follow.

For Ramon Bernat.

3 July 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Grant by the king's special grace, and with the assent of the king's council, to Ramon Bernat [III de Castelnau], lord of Castrum Novum de Tursayn Castelnau-Tursan , whom the king has been given to understand has lost the lands of his inheritance on occasion of the present wars, and who has nothing upon which to maintain his status, of 500 l. of the king's money current in his lordship, to be taken annually during pleasure in aid of his status. The sum is to be taken from the issues of the seneschalcy of the Landes from the receiver there at Michaelmas and Easter by equal portions. ¹

By p.s.

1.: For a related entry, see entry in C 61/98 .

Same as above

And it is ordered to the receiver of the seneschalcy of the Landes , or his lieutenant, to pay to Ramon[-Bernat III de Castelnau] the 500 l. from the present each year at the terms from the issues of the seneschalcy according to the tenor of the king's letters; receiving from Ramon[-Bernat III] his letters of acquittance attesting to his receipt of each payment, and the king will make due allowance in his account. ¹

By p.s.

1.: The entry is followed by a gap with two empty entry marks.

8: 25 August 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For the arrest of ships .

Assignment to Saivyll' Thomas Sayvill' , king's serjeant-at-arms , Bennet Botteshale , John Hanle , Thomas Asshelden' and Stephen Derneford of Plymmouth Plymouth , or two of them to agree with the masters and mariners of ships and others in every port in Devon and Cornub' Cornwall for the passage of certain men-at-arms, archers and horses in the king's service to Aquitaine, and also to arrest sufficient ships for this passage, to go at the king's wages, with all speed, just as they have been enjoined to do by the king's council, certifying what they have done to the same council. They are ordered to attend to this diligently, and all sheriffs, mayors, bailiffs and other ministers of the king have been ordered to be intendant on, consult with and aid them as often and when requested.

By C.

9: 22 August 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Franceys John Francis , who is going to Aquitaine, in the king's service in the company of Roches John de Roche, kt .

By bill of p.s.

For the grant of a corrody. Spencer. ¹

10: 18 August 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Grant by the king's special grace, to John Spenser, king's serjeant , of a corrody in the abbey of Sainte-Croix in Burdeg' Bordeaux for like, which pertains to the king to grant by his coronation.

By p.s.

Same as above

Order to the abbot and convent [of Sainte-Croix] ¹ to admit John [Spenser] to their house, and provide him with his sustenance, having the same for his life, according to the tenor of the king's letters.

By the same writ.

1.: Ramon de Rouqueys was abbot of Sainte-Croix of Bordeaux from 1375 to 1379, then archbishop of Bordeaux (1379-1384). On him (under the name of Raymon de Roqueys ) see Lainé, F., Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae , 13, Diocèse de Bordeaux (Turnhout, 2012), p.177-81.

12

20 August 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For Brother Robert Hales .

Grant, with the assent of the king's council, to Brother Robert Hales, prior of the hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem in England , of custody of the preceptory of the Hospital in Bordeaux ; holding the same with all its possessions, rents, profits and emoluments, during the war with the French, without rendering anything to the king. The king has made the grant because the preceptory is presently occupied by a brother who is a friend and adherent of the French enemy, and the king wishes that Hales will govern the preceptory through a competent and loyal person, and will continue the work of charity and piety. ¹

By p.s.

1.: For the order to admit Hales to the office, see entry 25 .

13

10 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for John Sonde, alias John Sandes , who is going to Aquitaine to reside there in the king's service. ¹

By bill of p.s.

1.: There is an empty set of entry marks against this entry.

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For protection.

12 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Longeford' Thomas Longford , who is going to Aquitaine, in the king's service, in the company of John Sandes, king's esquire .

By bill etc.

The following who are going in the king's service to the same parts in the company of John [Sandes] have similar letters for the same duration:

14.1: 16 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Quynterel Robert Quintrell .

By bill etc.

14.2: 13 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Chelmely Robert Cholmondeley .

By bill etc.

14.3: 16 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

William Bold .

By bill etc.

14.4: 20 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Merston Walter de Marston of Lincolnshire , Merston John de Marston of Lincolnshire , Cressyngham Peter de Cressingham of Norfolk .

By bill etc.

14.5: 27 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

John Burton .

By bill etc.

14.6: 20 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Kenne, Puttelworth Thomas Kenn of Pittleworth . ¹

By bill etc.

1.: The entry is followed by a space containing an empty set of entry marks.

For protections.

12 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Nicholas Darell, citizen of London , who is going to Aquitaine, in the king's service, in the company of Craddok Richard Craddock, esquire , to stay there in the same service.

By bill etc.

The following who are going in the king's service to the same parts in the company of Richard [Craddock] have similar letters for the same duration:

15.1: 18 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Thomas Demas

By bill of p.s.

15.2: 19 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Pilkyngton' Robert Pilkington of Ronyngton' Rivington in Lancashire .

By bill etc.

15.3: 27 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

John Lowell .

By bill etc.

15.4: 19 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Tewkysbery Robert Tewkesbury, goldsmith of London , Peter Adam .

By bill etc.

15.5: 30 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Gardon' Stephen Garden .

By bill etc.

For Gassie-Arnaut de Caupenne.

30 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Grant, by the advice of the king's council, to Gassie-Arnaut de Caupenne , ¹ for his good service with men-at-arms and other soldiers ( homines guerrinos ) against the king's enemies, day to day, as the king has been informed, and for his future service, of 400 l. of money current in those parts, each year for his life from the issues of the seneschalcy of the Landes , from the constable of Bordeaux, the seneschal , receivers or other ministers of the king in the same seneschalcy who receive the issues of the same, paying the same at Michaelmas and Easter by equal portions. The king has granted this because Caupenne has surrendered letters patent of John, lord Neville , the king's lieutenant in Aquitaine , granting him the prévôté of Dax , together with the profits of the same, into chancery to be cancelled.

By p.s.

1.: Also known as Arnauton de Caupenne or the Bourc (bastard) of Caupenne. He was in December 1388 at Orthez with the Bascot de Mauléon when he was interviewed by the chronicler Jean Froissart. He is presented in the chronicles of Froissart as cousin of the Bascot de Mauléon and brother of the 'Bourc Anglès' (means 'the English Bastard') whose real name was Ramon-Guilhem de Caupenne . Gassie-Arnaut de Caupenne was captain of the great routier castle of Carlat (Auvergne) in the first half of the 1370's. Then he was succeded there by his brother Ramon-Guilhem de Caupenne until 1390. See Chroniques de J. Froissart , ed. L. Mirot, 12, 1356-1388 (Paris, 1931), pp. 96-116.

Same as above

And it is ordered to the constable of Bordeaux, the seneschal , receivers or other ministers of the king in the seneschalcy of the Landes who receive the issues of the same, to pay to Gassie[-Arnaut de Caupenne] the 400 l. each year from the issues of the seneschalcy according to the tenor of the king's letters; receiving from Caupenne his letters of acquittance for the same, and he will have due allowance in their account. ¹

1.: An additional set of entry marks are found against this entry.

18: 30 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For supervising the muster of men-at-arms.

Assignment to Courtenaye Philip de Courtenay and Pomeray John de la Pomeroy , William Asthorp' , Martin Ferrers and Pomeray William de la Pomeroy , and Hauuley Walter de Hauley , Thomas Credy and Thomas Sayvill' , king's serjeants-at-arms, and Lokynton' William Lockington, clerk , or at least two of them, to supervise the muster of 100 men-at-arms and 100 archers of the retinue of Roches John de Roche , and others of his company, and 100 men-at-arms and 100 archers of the retinues of John Sandes and Craddok Richard Craddock , assigned to go in the king's service to Gascony. And also to supervise the muster of sufficient mariners for the ships for the passage, and to do all other necessary things. They are to certify the treasurer and barons of the exchequer of the names of the men-at-arms, archers and mariners, together with deficiency in the same, without delay. it is ordered to the captains, men-at-arms, archers, masters and mariners of ships, and all the king's other faithful subjects, to be intendant upon and obey Courtenay and the others as often and when requested to do so.

By C.

For protection.

19 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Harsfeld John de Haresfield , who is going to Aquitaine, in the king's service, in the company of John de Stratton, lord of Landirans Landiras .

By bill of p.s.

The following who are going in the king's service to the same parts in the company of John de Stratton have similar letters for the same duration:

19.1: 28 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

John Maghelem Utenrose .

By bill etc.

19.2: 30 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Thornyng' William Thorning , Gille John Gill . ¹

By bill etc.

1.: The entry is followed by a space containing an empty set of entry marks.

20: 16 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster . Of general attorney .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Neuland John de Newland of Drax , who is going to Aquitaine in the king's service, in the company of Thomas de Etton, king's esquire , nominating Swynflet William de Swinefleet and Cruere William Cruer , alternately.

Middelton' Thomas de Middleton, clerk , received the attorneys by licence of Burst' William de Burstall

21: 21 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For general attorney .

Letters of general attorney in England, for half of a year, for Peter Brymons , who is going to Aquitaine by the king's licence, nominating Baion' John de Bayon and William de Horbury, clerk , alternately.

The chancellor received the attorneys.

For general attorneys.

22: 24 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for John Trailly, kt , who is going to Aquitaine in the king's service, nominating Westirdale Nicholas Westerdale and John Warde, clerk , alternately.

The chancellor received the attorneys.

23: Same as above

The same John Trailly has similar letters of general attorney, nominating Braybrok' Gerard Braybrooke, kt , and Malyms John Malins , alternately.

The chancellor received the attorneys.

24: 19 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Cradok' Richard Craddock, esquire , who is going to Aquitaine, in the king's service, to reside there in the same service.

By bill of p.s.

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25

20 August 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For the prior of St John of Jerusalem in England.

To John, Nevill' lord Neville , lieutenant in Aquitaine , and the constable of the castle of Bordeaux, and their lieutenants, the mayor and jurats of Burdeg' Bordeaux , and also all officers, ministers and subjects of the king there.

Order to admit Brother Robert Hales, prior of the hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem in England , to the custody of the preceptory of the Hospital in Bordeaux , and all possessions, rents, profits and emoluments pertaining to it, which are within the power of the king, and defend him, and permit him to govern the same by a sufficient person. The king granted the same to Hales because the office is occupied by a brother who is a friend and adherent of the king's enemy of France as in the king's letters. ¹

By p.s.

1.: See entry 12 .

For John Elkin of Villeneuve.

16 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Grant, by the king's special grace, and with the assent of his council, to Elkyn John Elkin of Villa Nova Villeneuve-la-Comtesse in Aquitaine, for his loyalty to the late king of England , the king's grandfather, and to the king's late father , and because he has lost all of his lands, possessions and goods which he had in that town to the king's enemies, of 250 m. from the ransom of 1,000 m.st. from the Poys lord of Poix , ¹ a French prisoner of war. Elkin is to take his payment from the first two instalments of this owed by Guiraut de Tartas, late lord of Puyane Poyanne , ² in aid of his sustenance, and that of his wife and children. The ransom was granted by the late king to Tartas, with others of his pledges, and he was bound to pay the sum to the late king, his heirs or assigns at Burdeg' Bordeaux to the constable of Bordeaux, paying the sum of 125 m. at each of the feasts of Easter and Michaelmas for the following four years, the first payment being at Easter 1377, just as appears in the letters of obligation that remain in the king's treasury, sealed with Tartas' seal, and in the enrolment of the same in the rolls of chancery of the late king, and under the sign of Fangfosse John de Fangfoss, clerk , notary by apostolic authority , which are dated to 19 August 1376. Elkin had previously received a grant of the money orally as was attested by John [of Gaunt], king of Castile and León , duke of Lancaster , before the king and his council.

By p.s.

1.: Jean III Tyrel (d.1382). He was made prisonner in Ponthieu by the English in 1369 during a French expedition and had to pay a heavy ransom of 9,000 gold florins.
2.: Guiraut de Tartas, lord of Tartas, had been made prisoner at the battle of la Rochelle in 1372.

27: Same as above

And it is ordered to the heirs and land tenants of Guiraut de Tartas, late lord of Puyane Poyanne , deceased, to pay to John [Elkin] 250 m. according to the tenor of the king's letters; receiving from Elkin his letters of acquittance attesting to the payment of the same, so that they can be discharged for the payment.

By p.s.

Same as above

And it is ordered to the constable of Bordeaux to compel the heirs and land tenants to make the payment of the 250 m. of the two previous payments of 1,000 m. to Elkyn John Elkin , and to cause the residue of the 750 m. owed to the king from the heirs and land tenants, and pledges of Guiraut [de Tartas] to be levied according to the tenor of the king's letters. ¹

By the same writ.

1.: There is an extra set of entry marks against this entry.

29

17 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For the king . ¹

Order to the constable of Bordeaux, or his lieutenant, to cause the residue of the 750 m. owed to the king by the heirs and land tenants of Guiraut de Tartas, Monthaut Ramon de Montaut, the lord of Mussenden' Mussidan , Durefort Galhart [II] de Durfort, lord of Duras , kt , and Lesparr' Bernat de Lesparre, Lebard lord of Labarde , esquire , to the king, to be levied to the king's use. On 19 August 1376 Guiraut de Tartas, late lord of Puyane Poyanne , Montaut, Durfort and Lesparre, bound themselves to E[dward III], late king of England , the king's grandfather, by their letters of obligation in the king's treasury, signed with their seal, and enrolled in chancery, and under the sign of Fangfosse John de Fangfoss, clerk , notary by apostolic authority , in 1,000 m. for the lord of Poix, a French prisoner of war. From this sum the king granted 250 m. to Elkyn John Elkin of Villa Nova Villeneuve-la-Comtesse for his lossess in that town, his good service to the late king, the father of the king, and the king himself, and for the sustenance of himself, his wife and children, as above, and has ordered the heirs and land tenants of the late lord of Poyanne to pay it.

1.: A note in the margin states ' extractus '.

For protections.

28 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for John Trailly, kt , who is going to Aquitaine, in the king's service, to stay there in the same service.

By bill of p.s.

The following, who are going in the same service to the same parts in the company of John [Trailly], to reside there in the king's service, have similar letters for the same duration

30.1: Same as above

Richard Bolter , John Houghton , Wodhill William Woodhill . ¹

By the same bill.

1.: The entry is followed by a space before the end of the membrane containing three empty sets of entry marks.

Membrane 7

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31: 14 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For general attorney.

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for John Sonde alias John Sandes , who is going to Aquitaine in the king's service, nominating Michael Skyllyng and John de Chitterne , alternately.

William de Burstall received the attorneys.

32

Same as above

Assignment to Thomas Credy and Thomas Sayvill' , king's serjeants-at-arms, and Stephen Derneford of Plymmouth' Plymouth , the king wishing both to speed up the voyage of men-at-arms, archers and horses to Aquitaine, and for the speedy shipment of men-at-arms and horses to Britann Brittany in the king's service, to make agreements with all owners and masters of ships in ports in the counties of Devon and Cornwall , for the price of shipping horses to Aquitaine, and arresting those ships whose masters have agreed a price, and sending them to Suthampton' Southampton with sufficient mariners for the passage of the men-at-arms and archers to Brittany as quickly as they are able. All those who they find are rebellious in this matter they are to arrest and put them in prison, to remain there until the king ordains on their punishment. They are ordered to diligently attend to this, and all sheriffs, mayors, bailiffs, ministers, lords, masters and mariners of ships, and other faithful subjects are ordered to be intendant on them, consult with and aid them as often as they are requested to do so.

The king previously assigned Sayvill and Derneford, and certain other faithful subjects to make agreements with masters and mariners of ships in those counties for the shipment of the men and horses to Aquitaine at the king's wages, and to arrest those ships in the ports to go there at all speed, and they were to inform the council of all that they had done. The king has now been given to understand that certain owners and masters in those ports wish to agree to 6 s. 8 d. for the shipment of each horse, but that certain other owners and masters of ships in other ports of those counties refuse to agree. ¹

For C.

1.: There are two additional sets of entry marks against this entry.

33: 28 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For general attorney.

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Coupeland Thomas de Coupland , who is going to Aquitaine in the king's service, in the company of Thomas de Etton , nominating Stret Thomas Street, clerk and Bataill' John Battle , alternately.

Midelton' Thomas de Middleton received the attorneys.

34

27 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For Guilhem des Camps. ¹

Grant by the king's special grace, and by the advice of the king's council, to Guilhem des Camps, citizen of Burdeg' Bordeaux , for his good service, and also because of the losses that he has sustained in his goods on the seas from the king's enemies, just as Camps has informed the king, of a house ( hospicium ) with its appurtenances situated on the Grave of the city, ² which lately belonged to Bruyter Bernat Breutey , and which has been confiscated because of the latter's rebellion, the same not being valued at more than 4 m.st. a year. He is to hold the same for the term of his life, from the king and his heirs, by the same service as Bruyter. The house is to revert to the king and his heirs after the death of Camps.

By p.s.

1.: A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
2.: The Grave was in Bordeaux the part of the bank of the Garonne situated between the church of Saint-Michel and the abbey of Sainte-Croix.

35

Same as above ¹

Grant by the king's special grace, and with the assent of the king's council, to Martyn Arnaut Martin, Burdeg' citizen of Bordeaux , for his good service, and also because of the great damage and the loss of his inheritance that he has sustained in the present war, just as Martin has informed the king, of two houses ( hospicia ) with all their appurtenances situated on la rue Peytevine la rue Poitevine ² in Bordeaux, situated between the house of Franx Bertran de Francs, merchant , on the one part, and the house of Ces Galhart de Cès on the other, and from the royal castle of Bordeaux to the route of the public road mentioned above, the same not being valued at more than 10 l.st. a year. He is to hold the same for the term of his life, from the king and his heirs, by the customary service. The houses are to revert to the king and his heirs after the death of Martin. ³

Martin has letters patent of John, Nevill' lord Neville , the king's lieutenant in Aquitaine, made for him, granting the same to him and his heirs in perpetuity, which he has returned into chancery to be cancelled. ⁴

By p.s.

1.: A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
2.: It was called in Gascon la rua Peyteb(v)ina and was situated close the castle of the Ombrière of Bordeaux.
3.: For later grants of the same property, see entry in C 61/97 and entry in C 61/112 .
4.: The entry is followed by a gap on the roll containing an empty set of entry marks.

For protections.

36: 4 October 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Elys William Ellis of Perlyngton' Parlington , who is going to Aquitaine, in the king's service, and staying there in the same service with John de Neville, lord of Raby, lieutenant of the king in Aquitaine.

By bill of p.s.

37: Same as above

Thomas de Etton of Gillyng' Gilling has similar letters of protection.

By the same bill.

38

4 October 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For Pey de Lamothe .

Order to the king's lieutenant in Aquitaine to do full and speedy justice to Mote, la Pey de Lamothe, lord of Roquetaillade , concerning the land of Destanx Estang in the Burdelois Bordelais , ¹ according to what evidence he is able to show before him, according to the laws and customs there, and he should not omit to do this. Lamothe has requested that the king will grant him the land, stating that Destan Johan d'Estang , son of Lamothe's sister, lately had the land, and that on account of the rebellion of Arnaut-Bernat, lord of Preissac , ² the same land was confiscated by the king. Arnaut-Bernat was bound to Lamothe's sister in 1,500 écu for her dowry ( maritagium ), and this now pertains to Lamothe by the death of his sister. ³

By bill of C.

1.: Estang was not in Bordelais, but at the borders of the Landes with Armagnac.
2.: He was not Arnaut-Bernat IV de Preissac, Soudan de la Trau who was always loyal to the king of England. It is a member of another branch of the Preissac family who was faithful to the French, probably the branch of the lords of Esclignac .
3.: For the petition that this in part the response, see TNA SC 8/273/13618.

For Pélegrin de Cause, esquire.

39: 1 October 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Grant to Pélegrin de Cause, esquire , of the lordship of Aquitaine, for his good service, of 12 d.st. , to be taken each day in person, or by his attorney, from the issues of the lordship of Aquitaine from the constable of Bordeaux, or that of his heirs, or their lieutenants, to be taken at Easter and Michaelmas by equal portions for all his life, or until the king ordains otherwise for him.

By p.s.

40: Same as above

And it is ordered to the constable of Bordeaux, or his lieutenant, to pay Pélegrin [de Cause] the 12 d. a day each year at the terms by equal portions from the lordship [of Aquitaine], according to the tenor of the king's letters; receiving from Pélegrin his letters of acquittance, and he will have due allowance in his account at his exchequer.

By p.s.

For Master Guiraut de Mente.

3 October 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Grant by the king's special grace, by the assent of the king's council, to Master Guiraut de Mente , who the king has appointed to his council in the lordship of Aquitaine, of 25 m. , to be taken each year from the issues of the baylie of Capbreton from the constable of Bordeaux, the receiver of the Landes , the farmer of the baylie, or other ministers or governors of the baylie, to be paid at Easter and Michaelmas by equal portions during pleasure until the king ordains otherwise for him.

Mente has letters patent of John, Nevill' lord Neville , the king's lieutenant in Aquitaine , made for him, granting the baylie to him for life, which he has returned into chancery to be cancelled. ¹

By p.s.

1.: The entry is followed by a gap on the roll containing an empty set of entry marks.

42: Same as above

And it is ordered to the constable of Bordeaux, the receiver of the Landes , the farmer of the baylie, or other ministers or governors of the baylie of Capbreton , to pay to Guiraut [de Mente] the 25 m. annuity from the issues of the baylie each year at the terms, according to the tenor of the king's letters; receiving from Guiraut his letters of acquittance, and he will have due allowance in his account.

43: 12 October 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Stephen Porter of the town of Sanctus Albanus St Albans , who is going to Aquitaine, in the king's service, to reside there in the company of John, Nevill' lord Neville , the king's lieutenant there.

By p.s.

Membrane 6

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44

28 October 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For John de Stratton, lord of Landiras .

Grant by the king's special grace, and by the assent of the king's council, to John de Stratton, lord of Landirans Landiras , that he should have and hold the lands and inheritance which were Goot Galhart de Got, lord of Roaillac Rouillac , rebel of the late king, and the king, at Pessac , Marinak Mérignac , Lege Lège and elsewhere in the Burdelois Bordelais , for his life, for the same service which Got, before his rebellion, held them.

In consideration of the great loss that Stratton sustained by the present wars, both by his capture by the enemy, and of his land which he had of the king's gift, and how, after the death of the king, the king's grandfather, those of the king's council then at Burdeg' Bordeaux granted on the king's behalf to Stratton, Got's lands and inheritance, which were valued at the time of the peace at about 60 écu a year in compensation for his losses, and which Stratton holds by that grant, just as he has informed the king. ¹

By p.s.

1.: For related entries, see entry in C 61/95 , entry in C 61/95 and entry in C 61/95 .

45

30 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for John de Stratton, lord of Landirans Landiras , who is going to Aquitaine, in the king's service. ¹

By bill etc.

1.: The entry is followed by a space containing an empty set of entry marks.

For Pey de Lamothe.

1 October 1379 . The palacium nostrum Westm' palace of Westminster . ¹

Grant by the king's special grace, and for his good service, to Mote, la Pey de Lamothe, lord of Roquetaillade , and for the losses that he sustained in the present war, just as he has informed the king, and with the special assent of the king's council, of the place of Fargas Fargues with its appurtenances, which was owned by the Pomers lord of Pommiers , ² a rebel of the king, lately deceased, which was confiscated for that rebellion. To hold the same for life from the king and his heirs, for the service that Pommiers formerly held it, provided that after his death that it should revert to the king and his heirs. ³

By p.s.

1.: A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
2.: Guilhem-Sans IV de Pommiers , executed in 1377 at Bordeaux for treason. See his trial: entry in C 61/91 .
3.: There is an additional set of entry marks against this entry.

Same as above

It is ordered to the king's lieutenant in Aquitaine and the constable of Bordeaux, or their lieutenants, to put Pey [de Lamothe] in full and peaceful possession of the place [of Fargas Fargues ], according to the tenor of the king's letter, removing anyone unjustly detaining the same place. ¹

By p.s.

1.: There is an additional set of entry marks against this entry.

48

3 October 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For a confirmation for [Guiraut de] Mente .

Inspeximus of letters of quitclaim of John, bishop of Bath, and William, bishop of St Asaph, and other executors of the testament of the prince, the king's father, for Guiraut de Mente, canon and sacrist of Bayonne in these words:

20 June 1379 . Londonium London .

Quitclaim by John [Harewell], Bathon' bishop of Bath , and William [Spridlington], Assaneu' bishop of St Asaph , John de Fordham, clerk of the privy seal , Wellen' dean of Wells , Hugh Segrave, kt and Alan de Stokes, clerk, executors of the testament of Edward [of Woodstock], prince of Aquitaine and Wales , to Guiraut de Mente, canon and Bayon' sacrist of Bayonne , who was treasurer and receiver of Bigorre for the prince for all the time that the prince held the county of Bigorre , and who diligently rendered account for the whole of his administration for the receipts of Bigorre before the auditors appointed by the prince, as is clearly seen by the end of the account, of his administration and receivership. Remitting to Mente and his heirs and executors, all his goods both real and personal, and of all action against him, his heirs, executors and goods.

The king approves, ratifies and confirms the quitclaim. ¹

By p.s.

1.: The entry is followed a small space containing an empty set of entry marks.

49

10 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For the appointment of the seneschal of the Landes .

Appointment of Matthew Gournay, kt , as seneschal of the Landes during pleasure, taking the customary fee for the office. ¹

By p.s.

1.: The entry is followed by a space containing two sets of empty entry marks.

50: 1 March 1380 . Westm' Westminster . For a confirmation for Guilhem des Camps, etc .

Inspeximus of letters patent of John, lord Neville, lieutenant of the king in Aquitaine, to Guilhem des Camps, burgess of Bordeaux, in these words:

17 December 1379 . Bourdeaux Bordeaux .

Grant by John, lord Neville , lieutenant of the king in Aquitaine , under the royal seal of his office, to Campes, des Guilhem des Camps, Bourdeaux burgess of Bordeaux , and to all his heirs, for his good service, and for the expenses he has incurred by his loyalty to the king, and also in compensation for the great losses and damage that he has sustained in the present wars, of all that cellar ( chay ) and the bare piece of land with the walls surrounding it, on which place there is no building other than a small, low outbuilding ( un petit appentis basse ), which place is between the house of Bason Isabe Bazon on the one part, and the house ( la meson ) of Guilhem de Sadirac , and the houses ( lostiel ) of Pey Breutey and Bosc, du Pardelh Dubosc , and the house of Fite, la Pey de Lafitte owned by Berger Gassie du Bergey , on the other, and this house stretches along the bank of the river [Garonne] ( la yme de la mer ) on the one end, to the exit of the house of Duron de Boson on the other end, and which is valued at around 10 gold francs a year, and which was Demons Guiraut de Mons , or his heirs, and was confiscated along with his other goods because he is an enemy of the king. Guilhem des Camps and his heirs are to pay liege homage to the king, and the other customary rights and dues.

It is ordered to the prévôt of the Ombrière of Bordeaux and the royal proctor to put des Camps in possession of the place, and permit him to enjoy the same according to the tenor of these letters patent, notwithstanding any previous grants of the place made to others by the lieutenant, which grants the lieutenant revokes. All those who detain the property are to be removed. If it should happen that on account of any truce or peace the grant made by the lieutenant to des Camps is revoked, then the costs of the buildings that des Camps has incurred on the site, and which he can prove are to be fully paid to him.

The king, for himself and his heirs confirms the grant. If, as a result of any peace made between the king and his heirs and the adversaries of France, any heir or anyone else claims the piece of land, they are fully to repay to des Camps and his heirs the costs that he has incurred in repairing the buildings on the land, before he has possession of the same.

By p.s.

51: 27 April 1380 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

To all lords and magnates, and captains, castellans, constables and keepers of cities and towns, castles and fortalices, and vicomtes etc. in the duchy of Aquitaine.

Letters of protection for two years, granted to Juan [Gutiérrez], Aquen' bishop of Dax , and his vicars, proctors and other officers and ministers, as the king has received him and them and their goods and possessions into his protection and safe-keeping, and they are not to be harmed by any evil-doers or by the their procuration. The king orders that the bishop, and his vicars, proctors, and all other of his officers and ministers, and also their goods and possessions are to be maintained, protected and defended.

Membrane 5

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52: 15 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For the mayor, citizens and law-worthy men of Bordeaux .

Grant to the mayor, citizens and law-worthy men of Burdeg' Bordeaux , for their good conduct, and the costs that they have incurred for the king on occasion of the war, of the three parts of the Burdeg' market of Bordeaux ; holding the same with the profits issuing from the three parts, from the feast of Michaelmas for five years without rendering anything to the king.

The king lately granted the three parts to John de Stratton, lord of Landirans Landiras , the which three parts Johan Colom, kt , held in his life, and which by a certain right which pertained to the king, were taken into the king's hands, and which Colom surrendered into the king's hands. The king now revokes the grant made to Stratton.

By p.s.

For the appointment to the office of the constable of the castle of Bordeaux.

2 October 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For the mayor, citizens and law-worthy men of Bordeaux .

Appointment of Loryng William Loring, king's clerk , licentiate of civil law , ¹ to the custody of the castle of Bordeaux, and the office of the constabulary of Bordeaux. To have the same with all that pertains to the office during pleasure, provided that he answer for the issues of the office, taking the customary fee. ²

By K. and C.

1.: Brother of Nigel Loring (c.1315–1386), knight of the garter. His biography is on A Bibliographical Register of the University of Oxford to A.D. 1500 , vol. III, P to Z, ed. A.B. Emden, (Oxford, 1959), p.1163.
2.: Printed in Rymer, Foedera , vol. 4, p.71.

Same as above

And it is ordered to all the king's seneschals and receivers, and his ministers, officers and subjects, to be intendant on William [Loring] , as constable of Bordeaux, and in all that pertains to that office. ¹

By K. and C.

1.: Printed in Rymer, Foedera , vol. 4, p.71.

55: Same as above

And it is ordered to John, Nevill' lord Neville , the king's lieutenant in Aquitaine, or his lieutenant, to deliver to William [Loring] the office [of constable of Bordeaux], according to the tenor of the king's letters.

By K. and C.

Same as above

And it is ordered to Master Richard Rotour, king's clerk , late constable of Bordeaux , or his lieutenant, to deliver to William [Loring] the custody [of the castle of Bordeaux], and the office [of constable of Bordeaux], with the keys, rolls, papers, memoranda and all other things touching the office, which are in his custody, by indenture to be made betwen him and Loring, and the king will discharge him. ¹

By K. and C.

1.: The entry is followed by a space which contains a partially erased set of entry marks.

57

28 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For the merchants of Bordeaux . ¹

Grant by the advice of the king's council, to the Burdeg' merchants of Bordeaux and their successors forever, that whatever goods and merchandise that they load in Flandr' Flanders can be brought into England and unloaded and reloaded there at pleasure, and then taken on to Burdeg' Bordeaux without paying any custom, except for those goods and merchandise which were sold or exchanged in England. The king has considered how before this time those merchants who have loaded their goods and merchandise in Flanders, and who bring them to England for their security, or for refreshment or other lawful reasons, and taking those goods on to Bordeaux, have been charged the customs on those goods by the king's ministers in those ports although they have not been sold to the manifest harm and impoverishment of the merchants. The king has made this grant to the merchants for their peace. ²

By petition of C.

1.: Two notes are entered in the margin agaist this entry 'In the third year of the reign of Richard', and 'It is confirmed'.
2.: For orders to several groups of collectors of customs in named English ports to permit the merchants to do this, see entry 61 . For the petition that probably resulted in this grant, see TNA SC 8/216/10767.

58: 4 October 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For general attorney .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Master Loryng William Loring, clerk , who is going to Aquitaine in the king's service, nominating Master John Harold, clerk , and Shalyngford' John Shellingford, citizen and draper ( pannarius ) of London , alternately.

Far Robert de Farrington received the attorneys.

For protections and safe-guards for burgesses of Bordeaux.

4 October 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

To the king's lieutenants, justices, officers and ministers in Aquitaine.

Letters of protection and safe-conduct for Guilhem des Camps, Burdeg' burgess of Bordeaux , and Galharda his wife together with his children, and all his household, houses, goods, property and possessions, to endure while des Camps and his wife remain faithful and loyal to the king. It is ordered that they be protected, maintained and preserved from injury, violence, damage, oppressions and novelties, and they are to be defended in the just possessions that they and their predecessors have enjoyed. The protection is to be publicly proclaimed, and as a sign of the safe-guard the king's pennon is to be placed on all their houses, goods, property and possessions, so that no-one can have the excuse of ignorance. For the execution of this, the lieutenant and others are to choose a person or people from the king's serjeants, at des Camps' request and expense, to take des Camps' side at law, without prejudice to the king' rights. The protection is to remain in force as long as he, his wife and children are faithful to the king.

By C.

The following have similar letters of protection and safe-guard under the same date:

59.1: Same as above

Martyn Arnaut Martin for himself, his wife, together with his children and all his household.

59.2: Same as above

Galhart de Casse for himself, his wife, together with his children and all his household.

59.3: Same as above

Johan de Born with all his household. ¹

1.: The entry is followed by a space containing two empty sets of entry marks.

60: 27 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For general attorney .

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for Cornewaille Ralph Cornwall, citizen of London , who is going to Aquitaine in the king's service, nominating William Venour, citizen of London , and Carvur Richard Carver , alternately.

Faryngton' Robert de Farrington received the attorneys.

Membrane 4

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For the merchants of Bordeaux.

28 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster .

Order to the collectors of the king customs in the port of London to permit the merchants of Burdeg' Bordeaux who have loaded their goods and merchandise in Flandr' Flanders , and who have brought unloaded and reloaded them in London , and then take them to Burdeg' Bordeaux when it pleases them to do so, to do this without paying any customs on them except those that they sell or exchange in accordance with the king's letters granting this to them, and that the merchants should not be troubled or harmed contrary to the tenor of these letters. ¹

Similar orders are directed to the collectors of customs in the following ports under the same date:

61.1: Same as above

The collectors of the king's customs in the port of Suthampton Southampton .

61.2: Same as above

The collectors of the king's customs in the port of Plymuth' Plymouth .

61.3: Same as above

The collectors of the king's customs in the port of Dertemuth' Dartmouth .

Similar orders are directed to the collectors of customs in the following ports under the same date:

61.4: Same as above

The collectors of the king's customs in the port of Sandewicum Sandwich .

Similar orders are directed to the collectors of customs in the following ports under the same date:

1.: For the original grant to the merchants, which this entry substantially recites, see entry 57 . For a duplicate of this entry cossed out in favour of this, see entry , and its sub-entries.

62: 20 November 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For protection .

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for John Wycheford' of Wyche Maubank Nantwich , who is going to Aquitaine, in the king's service in the company of Cradok' Richard Craddock .

By p.s.

63

1 December 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For the transport of tin . ¹

To all admirals and their lieutenants, customers, keepers of the ports and other maritime places, and also the sheriffs, mayors, bailiffs, ministers and other faithful subjects of the king.

Grant of a licence to John Hauley of Dertemuth' Dartmouth , at his request, that he, in person or by deputies can load 100 thousandweight of tin bought in Cornub' Cornwall and Devon , load it in Dartmouth and take it to Burdegal' Bordeaux and Baion' Bayonne , and to the islands of Gerneseye Guernsey and Jereseye Jersey and other parts to the west which are in the king's obedience. The king has granted this because Chichestre John de Chichester , Thomas Asshenden' , William Burleston and John Lacche of Devon have stood mainprise for Hauley in chancery under the penalty of the value of the tin to be paid to the king for his use, that Hauley will only take it to those specified places, and nowhere else to the east according to the form of the ordinance made in the parliament held at Gloucester. ² It is ordered that Hauley be permitted to do this, first paying the customs, subsidies and other dues at Calais , any proclamations or ordinances to the contrary notwithstanding.

1.: A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
2.: For the parts of the statute concerning trade, see The Statutes of the Realm , Vol. 2 (1377-1504), pp. 6-8.

64

6 December 1379 . The infra palacium regis Westm' palace of Westminster . For being intendant on the papal nuncio in the duchy .

To the king's lieutenant in Aquitaine , and the mayor and citizens of Burdegal' Bordeaux , the seneschal of the Landes and mayor and jurats of Baione Bayonne , and all the other subjects of the king.

Order to give peaceful audience to the Franciscan Pietro Maurini, professor of Sacred theology and papal nuncio , allow him to publish the letters of Pope Urban VI and preach about what is contained in them concerning the papal schism, and treat him gracefully and offer him protection as enjoined by the Holy See. The king has seen a papal bull of Pope Urban VI and is aware that the pope has taken legal proceedings against Robert of Geneva , the anti-pope, ¹ and many others who were once cardinals, the patriarch of Constantinople , the archbishops and bishops, clerks and knights who have wickedly set up a schism in the Church by naming Robert as pope, and who have preached that Urban is not pope, and are continuing in their error despite warnings from the pope who has declared them to be excommunicated, schismatics, anathematised, apostate, blasphemers and heretical, and all of them are to be stripped of any benefit of their offices, and imposing other penalties and sentences on them. The pope has also willed that those Christians involved in their capture or destruction ( exterminium ), and who pursue them with all their might are to gain the indulgence granted to those going to the support of the Holy Land and the Holy Father. The pope wishes that all the foregoing is to be brought to the notice of all Christians to preserve them from the trickery of the perverters, and has given orders to Maurini that he should be the inquisitor into heretical wickedness and preach in defence of the innocence of Pope Urban and the cause of the church and has full powers granted to him to carry out his duties in letters patent. ²

1.: The anti-pope, Clement VII, elected by French cardinals in opposition to Urban. He was elected on 20 September 1378.
2.: Printed in Rymer, Foedera , vol. 4, p.74.

65

10 December 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For William Forster . ¹

Grant by the king's special grace, and with the assent of the king's council, to William Forster of Lancashire , esquire , for his good service to Edward [III], late king of England , the king's grandfather, and to the king's father in their wars, and afterwards to the king, and in consideration of the capture of Forster in the king's service, and he is still a prisoner, and because Forster lost various lands, tenements and rents when the town of Brigerak Bergerac went over to the obedience of the king's enemies, valued at 200 l. a year, of 100 l. to be taken each year from the lands, rents and possessions which were Beguer Galhart Béguey, kt , a rebel, which are in the king's hands because of the rebellion. The same is to be taken from the constable of Bordeaux, or the farmer or keeper of the lands and rents at Easter and Michaelmas by equal portions, for Forster's life, or until the king ordains otherwise. ²

By p.s.

1.: A note in the margin states: 'Vacated and restored because the king, on 4 October 1387, granted to William [Forster] 100 l. of money to be taken each year from the issues of Aquitaine. Therefore these letters are cancelled'.
2.: The entry is crossed out. The entry is followed by a substantial space until the end of the membrane, and containing one set of empty entry marks. For the entry for which this grant was cancelled, see entry in C 61/100 For a related entry, see entry in C 61/96 .

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For Domenges de Pardies.

5 March 1380 . The infra palacium regis Westm' palace of Westminster .

Order to the seneschal of Aquitaine, the constable, mayor and jurats of Bordeaux and other officials and ministers of the king, that if Pardinis, de Domenges de Pardies, chaplain , originating in Baione Bayonne , has not already acquired the benefices of the Sanctus Emilianus deanery of Saint-Émilion in Bordeaux diocese and prebends in the churches of Sanctus Andreas Saint-André and Sanctus Severinus Saint-Seurin in Bordeaux, then he is to have them free from any accusation or charge, since, after a solemn proclamation in chancery at Westm' Westminster on different days and at different times, stating that if anyone had any objection against him, then they were to come forward, nobody came and objected, the king now regards Pardies and his mainpernors to be free from the following charge, and has acquitted him. Certain of the king's subjects in Aquitaine ¹ have informed him that Pardies, allegedly, whilst he was lately their special agent in the Roman Curia procured by trickery certain bulls favourable to him, but prejudicial to the king concerning the deanery and the prebends, and gained many proceedings, public instruments and citations in this matter and had others gained to the harm of the king's royal majesty and against the laws of the region. As a consequence the king ordered him to be seized in England, arrested and imprisoned. Subsequently, on the presentation and mainprize of his friends that he would answer to the king and all others when summoned over any objections, the king ordered him to come and go as he wished as necessary. It has been testified before the king's council by certain of his loyal ambassadors in the Roman Curia that Pardies, when he was with the king's ambassadors, through their mediation and urging and particularly by means of certain letters patent of recommendation addressed to the pope on behalf of Pardies, by means of the usual method of collation, obtained the deanery and prebends in the Roman Curia which were vacant and belonging to the collation of the pope by the removal of Fucauldi Roger Foucaud , ² their last holder, because of his well-known multiple rebellions against the pope, the same Roger now being held in prison by the king. ³

By C.

1.: Guiraut de Mente, when he came to England, had denounced Pardies , see H. Labarthe, Un espace-frontière au défi d'une crise internationale (Grand Schisme d'Occident - Gascogne, vers 1370-1430) , Thèse Toulouse II -Le Mirail 2009, p. 246.
2.: See Lainé, F., Fasti Ecclesiae Gallicanae , 13, Diocese of Bordeaux (Turnhout, 2012), p.420-1, no.334. Roger Foucaud is noted as having held several offices in the duchy, and his imprisonment mentioned in this Gascon Rolls entry seems to relate to his accusations made against Pope Urban VI at the Gloucester parliament in November 1378. He had been subsequently deprived of his benefices by Urban VI. On him and what happened to him in England, see Perroy, É., L'Angleterre et le grand schisme d'Occident. Étude sur la politique religieuse de l'Angleterre sous Richard II (1378-1399) , (Paris, 1933), pp. 56, 58-59, 112 and 391-392.
3.: For a related entry, see entry in C 61/94 .

67: Same as above

Order to the Burdeg' archbishop of Bordeaux , or the vicar of the archbishopric sede vacante , that he put Domenges de Pardies in possession of the offices granted to him by papal collation, and maintain and defend him in them, any order of the king to the contrary notwithstanding. Certain [of the king's subjects in Aquitaine] as above.

Same as above

Order to the canons and chapter of the collegiate church of Sactus Emilianus Saint-Émilion , that they receive Domenges de Pardies or his proctor in the office of dean of the church of Saint-Émilion, and permit him to enjoy the same, and not permitting anyone to trouble him contrary to the tenor of the [papal] bull granted to him by papal collation, and maintain and defend him in them, any order of the king to the contrary notwithstanding. Certain [of the king's subjects in Aquitaine] as above.

By C.

The following have similar letters for the aforesaid lordship mutatis mutandis under the same date:

68.1: Same as above

The dean and chapter of Saint-André of Burdeg' Bordeaux for the prebend of Saint-André.

68.2: Same as above

The dean and chapter of Saint-Seurin for the prebend of Saint-Seurin.

The following have similar letters for the aforesaid lordship mutatis mutandis under the same date:

69: 12 April 1380 . Westm' Westminster . For Johan Trebinho and Johan de Marcadé .

Order to the king's lieutenant in Aquitaine , the seneschal of Aquitaine, the mayor and constable of Bordeaux, the seneschal of the Landes , the mayor and Baion' prévôt of Bayonne , and all other mayors, bayles and prévôts, officers and ministers of the king in Aquitaine, to hear the complaint of Johan Trebinho and Marcader Johan de Marcadé , subjects of Baion' Bayonne , concerning the taking of their goods by the king of Navarre , and diligently obtained information on this, if they find that their complaint is true, then they are to make speedy restitution for the damages, losses, costs and expenses which Trebinho and Marcadé sustained from the persons and goods of the lieges and subjects of the king of Navarre whom they find in their jurisdiction, by all reasonable ways and means.

The king has received the grave complaint of Trebinho and Marcadé containing that the king of Navarre at the request of certain of his merchants took various goods and merchandise of theirs to the value of 600 m without reasonable cause or title, to their great cost unless they obtain a remedy. They have requested that the king will aid them in the recovery of them, and also in the costs and expenses that they have been put to because of this amounting to 300 m.

70

Same as above For the appeal of Bertran d'Aretz, citizen of Bayonne.

Appointment of Gouteriz Juan Gutiérrez, bishop of Dax , de Forn' Pey Dufour, mayor of Dax and Maisonawe Johan Maisonnave, burgess and jurat of Dax , or two of them, to inspect the records and processes and causes of the appeal in the case between Daretz Bertran d'Aretz, Baione citizen of Bayonne , and Villa, de Bernat de Bielle and Ramon de Malcaide , citizens of Bayonne, and the principal cause of the appeal, and come to a final decision on the same. Whatever they decide is to have the force of the king's parliament and Bernat and Ramon are not to be able to appeal against it. The defendants are to do nothing prejudicial to Bertran in the meantime.

Bertran has requested remedy by his petition exhibited before the king and his council, in the matter of the appeal, since the abbots of Saint-Sever and Bernetus Bournet ¹ and Master Podio Ramon-Guilhem de Puy , who asserted that they were judges in the superior court of Aquitaine, acting for the king in an appeal case between Bernat and Ramon, plaintiffs, and Bertran, defendant, gave a judgement on behalf of Bernat against Bertran which was wrong and unjust, and which was made after a hearing of the appellate judges of Gascony to the said superior court of Aquitaine, even though Bertran had been given, quite lawfully, two definitive judgments, the first and main one before the mayor of Baione Bayonne or his court, and the other before the judge appellate of the court of Gascony . Therefore Natalis Guilhem Nadau , Bertran’s proctor in the foregoing, realising that he and Bertran would be very much damaged by the judgment of the abbots and Ramon-Guilhem, appealed in writing to the king in England within the legal limits. Because of the rights of the crown and the king's sovereignty the king wishes to do justice. ²

By K.

1.: Bernat Salamon.
2.: For a related entries concerning appeals by both parties, over several years, see entry in C 61/94 , entry in C 61/95 , entry in C 61/96 , entry in C 61/97 and entry in C 61/98 .

71: 10 April 1380 . Westm' Westminster . For trying and sentencing Gassie, lord of Osserain.

Order to the king's lieutenant in Aquitaine that he hear all the complaints about all the rebellions, extorsions, injuries, damages and excesses done by Gassie, Aussarano, de lord of Osserain , in Aquitaine against the king and his officials, and others of the king's lieges, by those who wish to make them, excepting criminal cases, making the lord appear before them, and those whom they consider ought to appear. They are to come to a decision on this, and if the nature of the crimes demands it they are to do due and full justice according to the fors and customs there. All the complainants are to have their complaints heard and met. The king has heard that Gassie perpetrated many rebellions, extorsions, injuries, damages and excesses on both the king and his officers and liege men there, against his allegiance, and will not desist from committing them in contempt of the king's majesty, and to the manifest destruction and impoverishment of his people, and he does not wish this to go unpunished.

By C.

72: 10 April 1380 . Westm' Westminster . For the bishop of Dax.

To the Aquen' chapter of the church of Dax , and the abbots, priors, deans, archdeacons, rectors, vicars and other ecclesisatics both secular and regular, and the counts, barons, knights, justices, prévôts, mayors, bayles, ministers and others of the diocese of Dax.

Order to permit Guteriz Juan Gutiérrez , who Pope Urban VI has provided as bishop to the vacancy in the cathedral church of Dax, to have, hold and enjoy his bishopric, and to be intendant on him and answer him in all things that pertain to that office.

By C.

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73

28 September 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For being able to grant conducts to Bretons.

Grant during pleasure of authority and power to the king's lieutenant in Aquitaine , ¹ by the advice and with the assent of the king's council, and for the peace of the king's burgesses of Bordeaux , and those living outside the city in the king's obedience, that he can grant safe-conducts and safe-guards, by the advice of the king's council there, under his seal, to whatever Bretons wish to bring victuals and other necessary things to Burdeg' Bordeaux and other places in the king's obedience in Aquitaine, just as they and the king's council there consider appropriate. The Bretons can come and go with their vessels and goods safe and secure, and if the lieutenant is absent, then his constable of Bordeaux, and others of the king's council there are to the same powers to make such letters. The king grants that these letters will have the same strength as the king's own letters under his great seal.

By petition of C.

1.: John Neville .

Vacated because it is otherwise in this roll. ²

Same as above.

Duplicate of entry 61

74.1: Same as above.

Duplicate of entry 61.1 .

Similar orders are directed to the collectors of customs in the following ports under the same date:

74.2: Same as above.

Duplicate of entry 61.2 .

Similar orders are directed to the collectors of customs in the following ports under the same date:

74.3: Same as above.

Duplicate of entry 61.3 .

Similar orders are directed to the collectors of customs in the following ports under the same date:

74.4: Same as above.

Duplicate of entry 61.4 .

Similar orders are directed to the collectors of customs in the following ports under the same date:

75: 26 November 1379 . Westm' Westminster . For general attorney.

Letters of general attorney in England, for one year, for John de Roche, kt , who is staying in Aquitaine in the king's service, nominating Hoghton' William de Houghton and William Hulon' , alternately.

The chancellor received the attorneys.

For the coining of money for John, king of Castile.

7 March 1380 . Westm' Westminster .

Grant to John [of Gaunt], king of Castile and León , duke of Lancaster , the king's uncle, that from 1 August next for the term of two years following that he may coin money in gold, silver or other metal of whatever alloy and weight ( allaia et tallia ) ¹ of coin that he wishes, in Baion' Bayonne and Aquen' Dax , or in another place that he wishes in the seneschalcy of the Landes , except of money of England or Aquitaine, by Pélegrin de Ser or others who the king's uncle or his deputies ordain. The king wishes that the profits from this should remain to the king's uncle. ²

For K. and C.

1.: allaia being a reference to the proportion of precious to base metal, and tallia referring to the measured piece of metal sliced or cut from an ingot in coining.
2.: Printed in Rymer, Foedera , vol. 4, p.80.

77: 8 March 1380 . Westm' Westminster .

And it is ordered to the constable of Bordeaux, the seneschal of Aquitaine and of the Landes , and whatever other officers and ministers of the lords and communities in those parts, that they permit the king of Castile and León to coin money, and that they do not make any impediment or disturbance against the tenor of the king's letters.

By K. and C.

78: 8 March 1380 . Westm' Westminster . For protection of the same.

To all captains, castellans, keepers of castles and their lieutenants, vicomtes, mayors, bayles, ministers and other faithful lieges and subjects of the king in Aquitaine, and elsewhere overseas.

Letters of protection until the end of two years, in part reciting entry 76 , for Pélegrin [de Ser] , and other officers and ministers, who have been ordained to coin money for John [of Gaunt], king of Castile and Léon , duke of Lancaster , and merchants who carry bullion and other necessary things, and their goods and merchandise, the king having received him and them into his protection and defence. No trouble, damage, violence, impediment or other harm is to be permitted to be done to Pélegrin and the other officers and ministers, or the merchants, their goods, property or merchandise. If any forfeitures have been suffered then emends are to be made without delay.

By K. and C.

79

12 March 1380 . Westm' Westminster . For conduct.

Letters of safe-conduct by the king's letters patent, for half of a year, for André de Croquo ¹ and Charuello, de Thomas Charuel , servants of Charles [II], king of Navarre , with two men and four horses in their company, to come into Gascony, stay there, and go from there to England both by land and sea.

1.: It could be an 'André de Creppon'.

For a confirmation for Monpenot de Fleix.

10 March 1380 . Westm' Westminster .

Inspeximus of letters patent of Edward [III] , late king of England, the king's grandfather, in these words:

6 August 1376 . Westm' Westminster .

Grant by Edward [III], king of England and France, and lord of Ireland , to Flees Monpenot de Fleix , ¹ in consideration of his good service in the king's war in Aquitaine, of the Hastynges baylie of Hastingues , with all its appurtenances; holding the same for life, provided he personally well and faithfully resides in the custody and salvation of the baylie.

The king approves, ratifies and confirms the gift and grant.

By p.s.

1.: The real name of this Périgourdin was Menaut Dubreuil (or du Breuil), but he commonly used the nickname Monpenot de Fleix. He fought at the battle of Cocherel (1364) on the side of Bertrand du Guesclin, but was left for dead on the battlefield and lost there his left eye. See Mandements et actes divers de Charles V (1364-1380) , ed. L. Delisle, (Paris, 1874), p. 26, n. 45.

81: Same as above

And it is ordered to the king's lieutenant in the duchy of Aquitaine, or the seneschal of Aquitaine, and the constable and mayor of Bordeaux, and each of their lieutenants, that they permit Monpenot [de Fleix] to have and hold the Hastynges baylie of Hastingues , with all its appurtenances, according to the tenor of the king's letters and confirmation, not troubled him contrary to these, and correcting any impediment without delay.

By the same writ.

82: Same as above

And it is ordered to the men and inhabitants of the Hastynges baylie of Hastingues in Aquitaine, that they be intendant on, be obedient to and answer Monpenot [de Fleix] as bayle of Hastingues , according to the gift and confirmation of the same, and just as before this time it was customary to do so.

By the same writ.

83: 20 March 1380 . Westm' Westminster . For protection.

Letters of protection, with clause volumus , for one year, for Brikhill Thomas Brickhill of Buk' Buckingham , who is residing in Aquitaine, in the king's service, in the company of Sondes John Sandes and Cradok' Richard Craddock .

By bill of p.s.

84

10 April 1380 . Westm' Westminster . For the bishop of Dax.

Order to Gracia Gassie, Ausserano, de lord of Osserain , that under pain of the greatest of forfeitures he desist from inflicting injury and damage on Juan [Gutiérrez], Aquen' bishop of Dax , and his ministers, or others of the king's lieges, and handover the Sancto Panteleo, de bishop's castle of Saint-Pandelon near the city of Dax to the bishop, and permit the bishop and his proctors to freely dispose of the castle, and make his profit from it. He is to make satisfaction without delay to the bishop for any damage that the bishop has sustained without raising any difficulty. The king has received the grave complaint of the bishop showing that although Pope Urban VI appointed him bishop of Dax, and he secured canonical possession of the office by his proctors, the lord of Osserain has conspired to detain the bishop's castle of Saint-Pandelon, against the will of the bishop and his officers, and the order of the king's lieutenant, and has held the same by acts of violence and war against the ministers of the bishop, against his allegiance, and perpetrated other damage and injuries to the bishop and his ministers both by taking their goods and attacking them, and will not desist from doing so to the disturbance of the king's people, and the grave damage and prejudice of the bishop, and the bishop has requested remedy. ¹

By C.

1.: For a subsequent order on the same matter, see entry in C 61/94 . Two sets of additional entry marks are found against this entry, and the entry is followed by a further three sets of empty entry marks before the end of the membrane.

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85

4 May 1380 . Westm' Westminster . For the bishop of Dax.

To all archbishops, bishops, abbots, priors, archdeacons, counts, barons, seneschals, judges, prévôts, bayles, ministers and all faithful subjects of the king.

Signification exhorting the archbishops and others to accept Pope Urban [VI] as pope and head of the Church and to obey him. The king further forbids any of his subjects from obtaining provision, benefice or benefit from anyone else than Urban as pope, or be obedient to him as pope under the following penalties. It is recorded in the statute of Gloucester that the king has understood by letters patent newly come from eight cardinals rebelling against Pope Urban, and by public knowledge, that there is discord between the pope and the cardinals, and that they are trying to depose him and stir up their own kings, princes and the Christian people against him, in great danger to their souls. The king has shown these letters to his prelates, lords and other magnates and experts in his kingdom present in his Parliament, and after perusing, understanding and discussing them, they declared in open Parliament for many reasons that Urban had been duly elected pope and that the goods and possessions in the realm belonging to the eight cardinals and all their adherents and the king's enemies are to be forfeit to the king and they ¹ should be responsible to the king for their income and fruits for as long as they remain in his possession. The order has also been given that if anyone gains provision, benefice or benefit from anyone else as pope he is to be placed outside the king's protection and his goods forfeit as in the statute. ² Now the bishop of Dax ³ has informed the king that great discord and dissention has arisen in Dax and other places in Aquitaine over the schism of the anti-pope, and it is feared even greater will happen without effective remedy, and the king wishes that all his liege subjects act in the uniformity of the Christian faith as in the statute. ⁴

1.: The Archbishops etc.
2.: The statute of Gloucester.
3.: Juan Gutiérrez .
4.: Printed in Rymer, Foedera , vol. 4, p.85.

For Matthew Gournay.

7 June 1380 . Westm' Westminster . ¹

Grant to Matthew Gournay , at his request, and in consideration of his good service, of the prévôté of the Entre-deux-Mers , and the baylie of Créon , with their appurtenances, holding the same for life with the profits and emoluments pertaining to the same, provided he does liege homage for the same, and after his death they wholly revert to the king and his heirs. The prévôté and baylie were granted to Claryngdon' Roger de Clarendon ² for life by the king's father when he was prince of Aquitaine, and he has surrendered the same to the king as more fully appears by a certain writing enrolled in chancery.

By p.s.

1.: A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
2.: Roger de Clarendon was the bastard son of Prince Edward of Woodstock, prince of Wales and prince of Aquitaine (1362-72).

Same as above ¹

And it is ordered to the seneschal of Gascony and the constable of Bordeaux, or either of them, or their lieutenants, to deliver the prévôté [of the Entre-deux-Mers] , and the baylie [of Créon] to Matthew [Gournay] , together with the profits of the same, to hold according to the tenor of the king's letters. ²

By the same writ.

1.: A note in the margin states ' extractus usque hoc '.
2.: The entry is followed by two empty sets of entry marks.