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C 61/143

Gascon Roll for the 35th to 39th years of the reign of Henry VI

Physical condition of the roll

The roll consists of fifteen membranes. There are entries on all of the face sides, but on none of the dorses. The roll is generally in good condition.

C 61/143 35 - 38 Henry VI (1456-61)

Introduction.

The penultimate roll in the Gascon Rolls series, is significantly longer than most of the preceding rolls, but unlike all but one of them encompasses several regnal years, those for 1456 to 1461. The period that the roll covers takes in almost the entire period of the conflict between the houses of Lancaster and York which has become known as the 'Wars of the Roses', with most of the major battles before the deposition of Henry VI falling within its confines. As such the continuance of business on the Gascon Rolls during such a period of political turmoil is quite remarkable, especially as any prospect of the recovery of the duchy had realistically gone.

Although the roll has many similarities to those preceding it, in that it is dominated by licences for groups and individuals to go overseas to trade, and for Gascon merchants to come into England, it does contain a little greater variety, especially in the form of the renewed grants of Gascon offices.

The licences include the same range of people being granted licences, and mixture of English and exiles, some of whom have been encountered receiving licences in earlier rolls, such as David Cely a merchant and royal servant, and Johan d'Orthe. 1 There is also a similar distribution of people from different social backgrounds, dominated by merchants and ship owners, but with a number of higher ranking recipients. Amongst these the James Butler, earl of Wiltshire makes another appearance, 2 but there are also licences for a number of other people who appear not to have been from a mercantile background. Gervase Clifton, kt, a former treasurer of Calais, and a soldier who had gone to Aquitaine in its last year of English rule in support of John Talbot, the king's lieutenant there, and who had served in several garrisons, received a licence to go to Bordeaux. 3 John Lisle, kt, who, like Clifton had served Talbot in Aquitaine in 1453, received two licences, one to take goods and merchandise to Bayonne, in which we have the interesting detail telling us that Lisle was a shipowner and had taken his own ship to Aquitaine in 1453, and that it had been badly damaged by enemy cannon, and and as a consequence it had barely got back to England. 4 The other, vaguer, licence was to go to Aquitaine, Brittany or Normandy. 5 Indeed this roll seems to be characterised by the vaguer nature of the licences in the destinations that they permitted their recipients to take goods and merchandise to. In previous rolls, odd licences might have included Spain, but in this roll, although there are still licences for Bordeaux, Bayonne and Aquitaine in general, far greater numbers make mention of Normandy, Brittany and Spain, and the port of La Rochelle also receives a first mention as well. 6 This wider geographical spread perhaps indicates that there was less concern on the part of the English government to control the destinations that English and exile merchants and others went to, perhaps as political and military concerns turned inward.

The licence granted to Johan Castandet, esquire, in 1460, was granted to him so that he could go to Aquitaine on the business of Johan de Foix, earl of Wiltshire. 7 The earl, also being captal de Buch, had remained loyal to the English cause to the end and was captured at the battle of Castillon, and was imprisoned in the castle of Taillebourg, and subsequently ransomed. Coming to England, and owing a very substantial ransom, he must have lived in fairly straightened circumstances. It is not entirely clear what business Castandet was being sent to conduct, but with the death of Charles VII in 1461 the earl was able to recover his position in the service of Louis XI, and restore his families fortunes.

Another of the none mercantile recipients of a licence was the esquire Thomas Stanley, the licence being unusual for it would seem to relate to a Cheshire man, the licence specifying that he should take his goods and merchandise in his own ship called la Wenefride which was a ship of Chester. 8 The name of the ship itself is interesting for the Saint had a special association in Flintshire, Cheshire and Shropshire, the important well surviving at Holywell, with lesser wells in Cheshire and Shropshire, and the Saint's body being interred at Shewsbury Abbey.

As with the previous rolls there are a number of safe-conducts, and many of these are for Bordeaux and Bayonne merchants and ship owners. Naudin de Clarens and Johan Boneu, merchants of Bordeaux, and Johan d'Espagne alias Johan de Latour of Bordeaux, and Domenges de Gramont of Bayonne all received safe-conducts to come into England to trade. 9 Others relate to those who had been affected by the final stages of the war. Some of the recipients may have been exiles. Bidau de Bielle, esquire, noted that he had lost all his moveable and immoveable goods because of his loyalty to the king, and obtained a licence for several Gascons, probably of Bayonne, to come into England in a Spanish ship to trade for Bielle's relief. 10 The safe-conduct granted at the request of Johan de Lalande, lord of Lalande, kt, noted that he had been captured at Castillon when John Talbot, the king's lieutenant, was killed by the enemy, and paid a large ransom. He sought the safe-conduct to keep his word to his pledges, presumably for the payment of his ransom, and it was so that several merchants of Bayonne could come to England to trade. The safe-conduct must have allowed the merchants to trade in England so that Lalande could pay off his ransom. 11 Two further entries also relate to the payment of ransoms. The first was granted at the request of Thomas Gale for several merchants of Rouen to come into England and trade for the delivery of Gale's Norman prisoners. 12 The second was granted at the request of the same Gale, and also Walter Cok and John More, for Bertran de Tillet, Geoffrey de Mousset and Pey de Couran of Bordeaux, their prisoners, to leave England in a ship of Brittany and to return to trade. 13

One aspect of this roll, less apparent in the immediately preceding ones, is the grant of Gascon offices, all to Gascon exiles. The first such entry on the roll was for Estèbe de Brutails, esquire, of the office of the baylie of the parish of Labenne and Capbreton in March 1458. 14 Later on the roll, but granted in February 1458, the same office was granted to Arnaut de Maubecq, esquire. 15 By other grants Ramonet Rousseu, originating in Bordeaux, was granted the controller of Saint-Éloi in Bordeaux, and Johan Montlau was granted the office of captain, keeper and governor of the castle, lordship and neighbourhood of Fronsac and the Fronsadais. 16 Johan de Lalande, already noted as a recipient of a safe-conduct, was granted the most significant of the offices, the office of mayor of Bordeaux. 17 Although there had been grants of offices in the preceding rolls, this was the greatest concentration with all, but that of the office of mayor, dating to February to April 1458. These grants are rather perplexing for Aquitaine had not been in English hands for some five years by the time of the majority of them, and it must have been clear to any Gascon exiles that the descent of England into civil war meant that any recovery of Aquitaine was becoming increasingly unlikely. It seems, therefore, odd that the English government should think it fitting to reward loyal Gascon exiles with such grants, or that those exiles should have sought them or accepted them, unless some sort of financial payment was being made in England in lieu of the wages due for those offices. It may well be that the grants represent a refusal on the part of the government and exiles alike to recognize the permanent loss of the duchy.

Simon J. Harris.

1.
entry 4 .
2.
entry 1 .
3.
entry 47 .
4.
entry 5 .
5.
entry 28 .
6.
For La Rochelle, see entry 37 .
7.
entry 53 .
8.
entry 31 .
9.
entry 32 , entry 33 , entry 35 & entry 2 .
10.
entry 3 .
11.
entry 13 .
12.
entry 34 .
13.
entry 48 .
14.
entry 18 .
15.
entry 22 .
16.
entry 23 & entry 23 .
17.
entry 51 .
1

8 October 1456 . Coventr' Coventry . For a licence to transport .

To all admirals etc.

Licence for one year, to James [Butler], earl of Wiltes' Wiltshire , in person, or by his agents or attorneys, to take his ship le Marie Welshote of Bristoll' Bristol of 200 tuns capacity, loaded with goods and merchandise, provided it does not pertain to the Cales' Calais Staple, to Aquitaine or Brittany, and bring it back to England loaded with other goods and merchandise, or other places under the king's obedience, without impediment or trouble from the king or his officers. They are ordered to permit the earl to do this, provided that he has paid the customs, subsidies and other dues to the king, and that he does not take victuals, namely for the victualling of Britann' Brittany , Gascony or Ispann' Spain , 1 or arms, other than those that are necessary for the defence of the ship, or any books ( libra ) out of the realm.

By p.s., and of the aforesaid date etc.

1.
It meant the kingdom of Castile.

For safe conduct.

2

27 November 1456 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters patent of protection and safe-conduct for six months, granted to Deguemont Domenges de Gramont of Baion' Bayonne , that he, currently residing in England, can lawfully reside there with his household, property and equipment, lawfully and honestly go about his business, and return home by sea or land, mounted or on foot, and without any impediment [to England], notwithstanding any marques, counter-marques or reprisals that have been or will be granted, provided that he and his household conduct themselves in a good manner towards the king, and do nothing to the damage of the king or his people.

By p.s., and of the aforesaid date etc.

3

14 October 1456 . Coventr' Coventry .

Letters patent of protection and safe conduct for a year, granted, at the request of Ville Bidau de Bielle , esquire , originating in the duchy of Aquitaine, who, when the king of France 1 invaded and subjugated the duchy, lost all his moveable and immoveable goods because of his faithfulness to the king, and who came to England, and out of the king's special grace, and in relief of Bidau, to Badia, de Pey d'Abadie , la Meison Pey de Lamaison , Cartia Johan de Cartié , Heiraude Hélias Eyraud and Fortheney Johan de Fortané , merchants or factors, the attorneys or servants of Bidau. They are to be able to come lawfully to England and other lordships and jurisdictions of the king, reside there and return home with their ship called le Marie of Bermio Bermeo of Spain of 150 tuns capacity, of which Martyn Juan Martin of Saldibar Zaldibar or Salvatus Salvador de Guashopo is master, charged with goods and merchandise, with 44 mariners and two ship's boys ( pagetti ), and also their property and equipment, by land and by sea, mounted or on foot; and they are to be able to trade, and to reload their ship with any lawful goods and merchandise, and return home, and come back to England, as often as they desire within the term [of the safe conduct] freely and without impediment, any letters of marque or counter-marque or reprisals granted or to be granted, or any other reason notwithstanding. Proviso that they are not to enter any castles, fortalices or towns of the king without first showing these present letters of safe conduct to the captains, mayors or governors of those places. It is further provided that any money that they receive for their goods and merchandise brought in their ship to England during the safe-conduct, should be spent on other goods and merchandise in England, according to the statute on this. If any of the merchants, factors, attorneys or servants, masters, mariners or ship's boys should infringe the safe conduct, the king wishes that only those who are guilty should be punished. No wheat should be exported by virtue of this safe conduct.

By K., and of the date etc.

1.
Charles VII, king of France (1422-61).
4

29 June 1457 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence for Cely to transport .

To all admirals etc.

Licence for three years, to Selly David Cely, the king's servant , to go in person, or by his agents or attorneys, in a certain ship called le Cristofre of Asshe Saltash , of 300 tuns capacity, loaded with goods and merchandise, provided it does not pertain to the Cales' Calais Staple, to Aquitaine or Britann' Brittany , and trade with those goods, and bring other goods and merchandise back to England or other places under the king's rule, without impediment or trouble from the king or his officers. They are ordered to permit Cely to do this at his pleasure, and they are not to permit him to be injured, molested, damaged or harmed, and if anything has been forfeit, then amends are to be made without delay, provided that Cely has paid the customs, subsidies and other dues to the king. 1

By K., and of the aforesaid date etc.

1.
For an earlier licence granted to Cely, see entry in C 61/140 .
5

11 April 1457 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence for Lisle to transport .

Licence to Lysle John Lisle, kt , that he, or his agents or attorneys, can go with their ship, loaded with their goods and merchandise, those pertaining to the Cales' Calais Staple excepted, to Bayonne, unload those goods and merchandise, and return to England with other goods and merchandise, without the impediment of the king or his officers, provided only that they pay to the king the customs, subsidies and other dues for the goods and merchandise.

Lisle has shown that he served in the duchy of Aquitaine in the company of John [Talbot], late earl of Salop' Shrewsbury , he having served in the war with his ship called le Anne of Hampton Southampton of the capacity of 200 tuns, at his own cost, which ship was badly damaged by the cannon of the enemy, because of which the ship could scarcely be got back to England, and has been under repair for two years in les Stokkes , and he cannot endure the costs without the king's aid. 1

For p.s., and of the aforesaid date etc.

1.
For a licence granted to Lisle to trade in Aquitaine, Brittany and Normandy in the following year, see entry 28 .

For a licence to transport.

6

26 August 1457 . Westm' Westminster .

Licence for one year, to Robert Burgh of Bredport Bridport , following his request, that he may go in person, or by his agents or attorneys, in a certain barge called le Trinite of Dertemouth Dartmouth , of 240 tuns capacity, loaded with goods and merchandise, provided it does not pertain to the Cales' Calais Staple, to Burdegal' Bordeaux or other parts of the duchy of Aquitaine, discharge that cargo there and reload the barge with other goods and merchandise, and bring them back to England or other places under the king's rule. The king does not wish Burgh to be troubled by himself or his officers, provided that Burgh has paid the customs, subsidies and other dues to the king.

By K. and C.

7

26 August 1457 . Westm' Westminster .

Licence for one year, to John William of Suthampton Southampton , merchant , following his request, that he may go in person, or by his agents or attorneys, in a certain ship called le Edward of Suthampton Southampton of 320 tuns capacity, whereof John Robert is master, loaded with goods and merchandise, provided it does not pertain to the Cales' Calais Staple, to Burdegal' Bordeaux or other parts of the duchy of Aquitaine, discharge that cargo there and reload the barge with other goods and merchandise, and bring them back to England or other places under the king's rule. The king does not wish William to be troubled by himself or his officers, provided that William has paid the customs, subsidies and other dues to the king.

By K. and C.

8

Same as above

Further licence to the same John William for a certain ship called le Kateryne of Suthampton Southampton , of 200 tuns capacity, whereof Drewet Andrew Drewett is master, and of which William is the owner, with lawful goods and merchandise, as above.

By K. and C.

9

27 August 1457 . Westm' Westminster .

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace and for certain reasons for one year to Dorta Johan d'Orthe , originating in the king's duchy of Aquitaine, that he can go in person, or by his agents or attorneys, with a certain English ship of 300 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to Burdegal' Bordeaux , Baion' Bayonne or elsewhere, trade with them, and return to England, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise that he has bought there, without trouble from the king or his officers and ministers.

By K., and of the aforesaid date etc.

10

27 August 1457 . Westm' Westminster .

Grant of a licence for one year to Treguran' John Tregoran, citizen of London , and twelve English merchants, at Tregoran's request, that he can go in person, or by his agents or attorneys, with a certain English ship of 400 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, wheat also excepted, to Burdegal' Bordeaux , or other parts of the king's duchy of Aquitaine, unload them, and return to England, or other places subject to the king with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise as often as he likes during the term, without trouble from the king or his officers or ministers, provided only that he answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise.

By K. and C.

Year 36 of the reign of Henry VI

11

18 November 1457 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to carry.

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace and for certain considerations for one year to Alan Bird, merchant of Novum Castrum super Tynam Newcastle upon Tyne , that he can go in person, or by his agents or attorneys, with a certain English ship of 200 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to Burdegal' Bordeaux , unload them, and return to England, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, provided only that he answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise, both on those that are exported out of England and those imported into England.

12

24 November 1457 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to carry.

Grant of a licence for one year to John Shipward, merchant , at his request, that he can go in person, or by his agents or attorneys, with a certain English ship of 300 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to Ispann' Spain , 1 Aquitaine and Baion' Bayonne , unload them, and return to England, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise as often as he wishes without trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, provided only that he answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise, both on those that are exported out of England and those imported into England.

By K.

1.
It meant the kingdom of Castile.
13

29 April 1458 . Westm' Westminster . For safe conduct.

Grant of safe conduct for three months from after 25 May next, at the request of Johan [de Lalande], La Launde lord of la Lande , kt , originating in the duchy of Aquitaine, who was captured in the duchy in the time that John [Talbot], late earl of Salop' Shrewsbury , was killed by his enemies, and paid a large ransom, and so that he is able to keep his word to his pledges, for Perot, Abady Peyrot Abadie , Martin Sarres , Ardit Guilhem Dardy , Fortane Fortaner de Ganty , Abady Johan Abadie , Munonym Monin de Manos and Johan Inshe , merchants of Baion' Bayonne , with a certain ship called le Nativitat of Baion' Bayonne , of 250 tuns capacity, of which Saubat de Larre is master, with 16 mariners, and their property and equipment, to come to England , reside there, discharge their ship and load it with other goods and chattels, those pertaining to the Cales' Calais staple excepted, and return to their own parts without impediment, notwithstanding any marques, counter-marques or reprisals that have been granted or will be granted.

Proviso that Abadie and the others are to pay to the king the customs, subsidies and other dues for the goods and merchandise, and they, and their agents, attorneys, masters and mariners, are to conduct themselves well towards the king, and will do nothing in contempt or in prejudice of the king or his people, and will not enter any castle, fortalice or town of the king without first showing their safe-conduct to the captains, mayors or governors of those places. It is also provided that if any of them infringe the safe-conduct, the king does not wish the others to be prejudiced or damaged by this, but only the one who has made the infringement.

By K., and of the aforesaid date etc.

For a licence to transport.

14

16 December 1457 . Westm' Westminster .

Grant of a licence for one year to Payn' Thomas Pain and Thomas Ravyn , merchants of Suthampton' Southampton , the licence being requested on their behalf, that they can go in person, or by their agents or attorneys, with a certain ship called le Marie of Suthampton' Southampton , of 300 tuns capacity, of which Richard Locke is master, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, wheat excepted, to the king's duchy of Aquitaine, unload them, and return to England or other places subject to the king, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases them, without Payne and Ravyn suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, provided only that they answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise.

By K. and C.

15

20 December 1457 . Westm' Westminster .

Grant of a licence for one year to John Gaunt and William Homylston , the licence being requested on their behalf, that they can go in person, or by their agents or attorneys, with a certain ship called le Laurence of Hull , of 300 tuns capacity, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to Ispann' Spain 1 and the king's duchy of Aquitaine, trade with them, and return to England or other places subject to the king, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases them, without Gaunt and Homylston suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, provided only that they answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise, and that they do not take any wheat out of the realm, except for 40 quarters for the victualling of the ship. 2

1.
It meant the kingdom of Castile.
2.
The term of the licence and part of the dating clause are written over an erasure.
16

5 January 1458 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to transport.

Grant of a licence for one year to Kyghley James Keighley, merchant of the Calais staple , the licence being requested on his behalf, that he can go in person, or by his agents or attorneys, with a certain ship called le Antony of Hull , of 400 tuns capacity, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to whatsoever part of Aquitaine, Burdegall' Bordeaux , Baion' Bayonne and Ispann' Spain , 1 trade with them, and return to England or other places subject to the king, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases him, without Keighley suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, provided only that he answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise. 2

1.
It meant the kingdom of Castile.
2.
For another licence for Keighley, see entry 36 .
17

4 March 1458 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to transport.

Grant by the king's special grace of a licence for one year to John Frank , Nicholas Porter , Thomas Deriewex , John Clerk , John Hille and William Porter , that they can go in person, or by their agents or attorneys, with a certain English ship of 200 tuns capacity or less, or with a caravel ( Karvela ) of 100 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to whatsoever parts of Burdegall' Bordeaux and Britann Brittany , unload them, and return to England with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases them, without Frank and the others suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, provided only that they answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise.

18

16 March 1458 . Westm' Westminster . For Estèbe de Brutails.

Grant for life by the king's special grace to Brutailles Estèbe de Brutails, esquire , originating in the king's duchy of Aquitaine, for his good service, of the office of the baylie of the parish of Laben' Labenne and Cabretton' Capbreton , and the fish [brought by] the Bretons and the Spanish men ( le Pycche Britonn' and Ispannorum ) , 1 within the same baylie, taking the customary wages, fees, rights, profits and commodities of the pycche, notwithstanding that express mention of the true annual value of the premises is not made in these presents. The king has granted this to Brutails in consideration that he was in the company of John [Talbot], late earl of Shrewsbury when he was killed at Castillon , and was captured, and at the final loss of the king's duchy he gave up all his inheritance, lands, possessions and goods, and observing his faithful allegiance came to England, and has nothing to live on.

By K. and C.

1.
The word le pycche must correspond to the Gascon word lo peish (the fish).
19

1 May 1458 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to transport.

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace to Stokker John Stocker that he is able to sell three small masts ( parvum malum ) which are at Redclyff' Redcliff to Sabat Saubat Darre of Baion' Bayonne , and transport them to him without trouble from the king or his officers. .

20

8 May 1458 . Westm' Westminster . For protection.

Letters of protection with clause volumus for one year, for Segar, Segger Nicholas Seger of Lewisham Levysham in Kant' Kent , husbandman Levysham Lemman , alias Nicholas Segar, late of Lewisham in Kent, yeoman Levysham Lemman , alias Nicholas Segger of Lewisham in Kent, husbandman , who is staying in the company of John Marney, kt , captain of the king's Hammes castle of Hames , in Picardie Picardy , for the safe guard and victualling of the castle.

By bill of p.s., and of the aforesaid date, etc.

21

1 April 1458 . Westm' Westminster . For Ramonet Rousseu.

Grant by the king's special grace to Rosseau Ramonet Rousseu , originating in the city of Burdegall' Bordeaux , in consideration of his loyal service, who risked his body and many of his moveable goods for the defence of Bordeaux and the Burdegall' Bordelais in the last occupation by the king's adversary of France, and also for his fidelity to the king for which he lost his immoveable goods, of the office of Sanctus Eligius controller of Saint-Éloi in Burdegalen' Bordeaux , and the Rogueys house of Rouqueys, in the Carynhan parish of Carignan, in the Inter duo Maria Entre-deux-Mers , which Pothon, Saintarabl' Poton de Xaintrailles , 1 a rebel, lately held. Taking 28 marks sterling each year for his life. 2

By K., and of the aforesaid date etc.

1.
A former Gascon companion of Joan of Arc.
2.
For a grant to the same of the same offices with additional ones, see entry in C 61/144 .
22

26 February 1458 . Westm' Westminster . For Arnaut Maubecq.

Grant by the king's special grace to Maubek' Arnaut de Maubecq, esquire , originating in the duchy of Aquitaine, of the office of the baylie of La Benne Labenne of Kaborton' Capbreton in the king's duchy of Aquitaine, to be held for the term of his life, in person or by a sufficient deputy, with all rights, wages, profits, commodities and emoluments pertaining to the office, in the same manner as Brytailles Estèbe de Brutails , now deceased, held the office. The king granted the same in contemplation of how Maubecq for the term of his life, namely 34 years and more in the king's wars in the duchy, retaining 300 or 400 men and more at his own cost and expense, and how he was taken prisoner by the king's adversaries, and was put to a great and excessive ransom, sustaining intolerable damage and loss without any recompense, and how at the time of the overthrow of the king's duchy he lost all that he had in the duchy for his fidelity, and came to England to observe this, Maubecq having made a humble supplication to the king about this.

By K., and of the aforesaid date etc.

23

24 March 1458 . Westm' Westminster . For Johan [de] Montlau.

Grant for life, for his good service, to Monlawe Johan [de] Montlau , originating in the duchy of Aquitaine, the office of captain, keeper and governor of the castle, lordship and neighbourhood of Fronsake Fronsac and the Fronsadeys Fronsadais , in the diocese of Bordaleys Bordeaux , with all manner of rents, reversions, profits and commodities pertaining to the same, to the value of 100 l. a year. Because the sum was not sufficient for the charges on the office, for which 800 m. were paid out of the exchequer at Westminster annually in addition to the profits of the castle and lordship, when the place was in the king's obedience, the king, by his further grace, and for the discharge of the 800 marks, has granted to Montlau the place lordship and land of Ambaterre Aubeterre , Ribeirac Ribérac , Roasan Rauzan and Puyels Pujols , with all the profits of the same, to the value of 100 l. a year, which have come to the king by the rebellion of the lords of those places.

Montlau has presented his request, showing that he and his ancestors have been in the king's service, that that of his progenitors, in the defence of the king's just quarrel concerning the duchy, where his lordships, possessions and hereditaments were destroyed by the king's enemies, and certain of Montlau's people were taken prisoner, and others killed, and lately, by the loss of the duchy, they have lost everything, and Montlau has had to leave what he had by hereditary right, his goods, parents, friends and bastards ( nota ), and has come to England, and put himself in the king's service as best as he is able, and as his ancestors have done.

By K., and of the date etc.

Year 37 of the reign of Henry VI

24

2 September 1458 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to transport.

Grant of a licence for one year to Blakborn John Blackburn , Campanha Johan de Campagne and Stephen de Magmagus , merchants of England , the licence being requested on their behalf, that they can go in person, or by their agents or attorneys, with a certain English ship, of 400 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to whatsoever part of Aquitaine, Ispann' Spain 1 or Britann' Brittany , trade with them, and return to England or other places subject to the king, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases them within the term, without Blackburn and the others suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, provided only that they answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise.

By K.

1.
It meant the kingdom of Castile.
25

3 September 1458 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to transport.

Grant of a licence for one year to Boey John Bowie , Labernha Bertholomiu de Lavergne , Graunt Thomas Grant and Fawne John Fawn , merchants of England, the licence being requested on their behalf, that they can go in person, or by their agents or attorneys, with a certain English ship, of 400 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, and excepting wheat, to the king's city of Burdegall' Bordeaux , or other parts of his duchy of Aquitaine, unload them, and return to England or other places subject to the king, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases them, without Bowie and the others suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, provided only that he answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise, any statute, act or ordinance to the contrary notwithstanding. 1

By K.

1.
For other licences granted to Lavergne, see entry in C 61/140 and entry 29 .
26

7 September 1458 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to transport.

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace for one year to Robert Layr and Chyrcheman John Churchman , merchants, at their request, that they can go in person, or by their agents, attorneys and servants, with a certain English ship, of 300 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, overseas, except to Island Ireland unload them, and return to England or other places subject to the king, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases them during the term of the licence, without Layr or Churchman and the others suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, provided only that he answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise, any statute, act or ordinance to the contrary notwithstanding. 1

By K.

1.
For a later licence granted to the merchants, see entry 41 .
27

9 September 1458 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to transport.

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace for one year to la Rokka Galhart de Laroque , John Ewell and William Smyth , at their request, that they can go in person, or by their agents, attorneys and servants, with a certain English ship, of 300 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to whatever parts of Aquitaine, Britann' Brittany or Normann' Normandy unload them, and return to England, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases them during the term of the licence, without la Rokka and the others suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, provided only that he answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise, any statute, act or ordinance to the contrary notwithstanding. 1

By K.

1.
Parts of the first and second line are written over an erasure.
28

9 September 1458 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to transport.

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace for one year to Lysle John Lisle, kt , at his request, that he can go in person, or by his agents, attorneys and servants, with a certain ship called la Anne of Suthampton' Southampton , of 240 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to whatever parts of Aquitaine, Britann' Brittany or Normann' Normandy unload them, and return to England or other places subject to the king, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases him during the term of the licence, without Lisle suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, provided only that he answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise, any statute, act or ordinance to the contrary notwithstanding. 1

By K.

1.
For another licence granted to Lisle, see entry 5 .
29

8 September 1458 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to transport.

Grant of a licence for one year to la Vernha Bertholomiu de Lavergne , Buk' Ellis Book , merchants of England, at their humble request, that they can go in person, or by their agents or attorneys, with a certain English ship, of 300 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, and excepting wheat, to the king's city of Burdegall' Bordeaux , or other parts of his duchy of Aquitaine, unload them, and return to England or other places subject to the king, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases them, without Lavergne and Book suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, provided only that he answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise. 1

By K.

1.
For other licences granted to la Vernha , see entry in C 61/140 and entry 25 . For another licence granted to Book, see entry in C 61/141 .
30

20 September 1458 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to ship horses.

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace to Neweman John Newman, vintner of London , that he, in person or by his agents or attorneys, can take two horses called ambusers , not exceeding the value of 40 s. bought and purveyed in England, shipping them from whatever port of the realm he wishes, to whatever parts of the king's duchy of Aquitaine or Gascony he wishes, paying the customs, subsidies and other dues to the king, and without any trouble from the king or his officers or ministers.

31

24 January 1459 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to transport.

Grant of a licence for one year to Thomas Stanley, esquire , at his request, that he can go in person, or by his agents or attorneys, with a certain ship of his called la Wenefride of Cestr' Chester , of 100 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to the king's city of Burdegall' Bordeaux , trade with them, and return to England, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases him during the term of the licence, without Stanley suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, provided only that he answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise.

32

30 January 1459 . Westm' Westminster . For safe conduct.

Letters patent of protection and safe-conduct for one year, for Naudyn, Clarence Naudin de Clarens and Bonewe Johan Boneu , merchants of Burdegal' Bordeaux , to come into England for certain reasons, jointly or individually, together with other people in their company, both by land and sea, mounted or on foot, conduct their business, and return home with their people and goods as often as they wish during the term of the safe-conduct, without any impediment, trouble arrest or other harm. Proviso that Clarens and Boneu and their people are to conduct themselves well towards the king and his people, and do nothing in contempt or prejudice of the king, and that they will not enter any castle, fortalice or town of the king without first showing their safe-conduct to the captains, mayors or governors of those places. 1

By p.s., and of the date etc.

1.
For another safe-conduct for Boneu, see entry 35 .
33

6 March 1459 . Westm' Westminster . For safe conduct.

Letters patent of protection and safe-conduct until 1 September next, for Spayne, de, Torre Johan d'Espagne, alias Johan de Latour, of the city of Burdegal' Bordeaux , who is presently in England, who lately came from the king's city of Burdegal' Bordeaux in a ship of Brekman John Breckman of Lenn' Episcopi Bishop's Lynn , for the safe-conduct of the ship, to reside there, conduct his business and return to whatsoever parts overseas freely and without any impediment, trouble, arrest or harm, marques, counter-marques or reprisals granted or to be granted by the king notwithstanding. Proviso that Espagne conducts himself well towards the king and his people, and does nothing in contempt or prejudice of the king, and that he will not enter any castle, fortalice or town of the king without first showing his safe-conduct to the captains, mayors or governors of those places.

By K., and of the aforesaid date, by the authority of parliament.

For safe conduct.

34

1 June 1459 . Westm' Westminster .

Grant of safe conduct for one year, at the request of Thomas Gale , and for the delivery of certain Norman prisoners of his, for Étienne Cavalier , Jean de Buk and Jean Cavalier , merchants of Rouen , to come into England with a ship called la Jenete of Rouen of 70 tuns capacity, of which Gauntier Robert Gautier , Jean Levesque or le Marchaunt Jean Lemarchand are master, loaded with wheat, goods and merchandise, of whatsoever kind provided it does not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, and with 20 mariners and two ship's boys, and also their property and equipment, and to reside there, sell their goods and merchandise, and buy other goods and merchandise, and reload it, those pertaining to the Calais staple again excepted, and depart, and return as often as they like within the term of the safe conduct, without impediment, notwithstanding any marques, counter-marques or reprisals that have been granted.

Proviso that Étienne Cavalier and the others are to pay to the king the customs, subsidies and other dues for the wheat, goods and merchandise, and they, and their companions, are to conduct themselves well towards the king, and will do nothing in contempt or in prejudice of the king or his people, and will not enter any castle, fortalice or town of the king without first showing their safe-conduct to the captains, mayors or governors of those places. It is also provided that if any of them infringe the safe-conduct, the king does not wish the others to be prejudiced or damaged by this, but only the one who has made the infringement. Any money that they take for their wheat, goods and merchandise is to be applied [to the purchase] of other English goods and merchandise according to the statute published on this.

By K.

35

30 January 1459 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters patent of protection and safe-conduct for one year, for Bonewe Johan Boneu, merchant of Burdegal' Bordeaux , that he can come into England both by land and sea, mounted or on foot, as often as he likes during the term of the safe-conduct, reside there, conduct his business, and return to whatsoever parts overseas freely and without impediment, trouble, arrest or harm. Proviso only that Boneu conducts himself well towards the king and his people, and does nothing in their contempt or prejudice, and that he will not enter any castle, fortalice or town of the king without first showing his safe-conduct to the captains, mayors or governors of those places. 1

By p.s., and of the aforesaid date etc.

1.
For another safe-conduct for Boneu and another, see entry 32 .
36

4 June 1459 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to transport.

Grant of a licence for one year to Kyghley James Keighley, merchant , the same being humbly requested on his behalf, that he can go in person, or by his agents or attorneys, with a certain ship called la James of Whitby , of 100 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to wherever he wishes, Island Ireland only excepted, unload them, and return to England or other places subject to the king, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases him during the term of the licence, without Keithley suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, provided only that he answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise. 1

By K.

1.
For another licence for Keighley, see entry 16 .
37

30 August 1459 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to transport.

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace for one year to Stokker John Stocker , the same being humbly requested on his behalf, that he can go in person, or by his agents or attorneys, with a certain English barge, of 60 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to Baion' Bayonne and Le Rochell' La Rochelle , unload them, and return to England, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases him during the term of the licence, without Stocker suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, any statute, act or restriction to the contrary notwithstanding. Proviso only that Stocker answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise. 1

By K.

1.
For other licences granted to Stocker, see entry in C 61/141 and entry in C 61/141 .

For safe conducts.

38

29 August 1459 . Westm' Westminster .

To all admirals etc.

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace for one year to John Batte , owner of a certain ship called le John of Sandewicum Sandwich , of 150 tuns capacity, at his own request, that he can go in person, or by his agents or attorneys, with his ship, loaded with goods and merchandise, and with a master, two merchants and mariners of England to Aquitaine, Baion' Bayonne and Norman' Normandy , unload them, and return to England, or other places subject to the king, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases him during the term of the licence, without Batte suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, or the king's heirs, any statute, act or ordinance to the contrary notwithstanding.

Letters of protection and safe-conduct for one year, for Frensshe Guillaume Lefrançais 1 to come into England and his aforesaid places with one servant in his company if he wishes, and with his goods and merchandise, in the aforesaid places, both by land and sea, mounted or on foot, stay there, sell his goods, buy other goods and merchandise, and return home, freely and without impediment, any marques, counter-marques or reprisals, any statute, act or ordinance to the contrary notwithstanding.

It is ordered that Batte be permitted to this in accordance with his licence as often as he wishes, and Lefrançais be maintained, protected and defended in accordance with his protection and safe-conduct, and they are not to permit any injury, damage, violence, impediment or any harm to be done to him, and any forfeit or injury that has been done is to be corrected or reformed. Proviso only that the king is answered for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise, and that Lefrançais conducts himself and honestly towards the king and his people, and does nothing in contempt or prejudice of the king and his people.

By K., and of the aforesaid date etc.

1.
This surname (Lefrançais) was concentrated in Normandy.
39

Same as above

To all admirals etc.

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace as above to John Batte , owner of a certain ship called la Marie of Sandewicum Sandwich , of 150 tuns capacity, at his own request, that he can go in person, or by his agents or attorneys, with his ship, loaded with goods and merchandise, as above.

[Letters of protection and safe-conduct for one year], for Botard Thomas Boutard to come into England and his aforesaid places with one servant in his company if he wishes, as above mutatis mutandis . Proviso etc. as above.

By K., and for the same date etc.

For a licence to transport.

40

11 August 1459 . Westm' Westminster .

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace for one year to Darset Christopher Dassett, merchant , at his humble request, that he can go in person, or by his attorneys and servants, with a certain English ship, of 400 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to Burdegall' Bordeaux and whatsoever other parts of the king's duchy of Aquitaine, and Ispann' Spain , 1 unload them, and return to England, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases him during the term of the licence, without Dassett suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers. Proviso only that Dassett answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise, any statute, act or provision to the contrary notwithstanding.

By K.

1.
It meant the kingdom of Castile.
41

Same as above

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace [for a year] to Robert Layre and Chircheman' John Churchman , merchant, at their humble request, that they can go in person, or by their agents, attorneys and servants, with a certain English ship, of 240 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to Burdegall' Bordeaux and whatsoever other parts of the king's duchy of Aquitaine, as often as it pleases them during the term of the licence, etc. as above, mutatis mutandis . 1

By K.

1.
For an earlier licence granted to the merchants, see entry 26 .

Year 38 of the reign of Henry VI

42

5 November 1459 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to transport.

Grant by letters patent of a licence for one year to Robert Leyr and Chircheman' John Churchman , the same being humbly requested on his behalf, that he can go in person, or by his agents, attorneys and servants, with a certain English ship called le Trinite of Dertemuth' Dartmouth , of 100 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to the king's city of Burdegal' Bordeaux and the duchy of Aquitaine, unload them, and return to England, with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases them during the term of the licence, without Leyr and Churchman suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, provided only that he answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise.

By K.

43

8 November 1459 . Westm' Westminster . For safe conduct.

Letters patent of protection and safe-conduct, by the king's special grace for one year, for Johan de la Force, esquire , originating in the duchy of Aquitaine, at his request, and for a certain ship called la Marie of Baion' Bayonne of 120 tuns capacity, of which Tholose Amaniu de Toulouse , Dessole Guilhem de Soule or Garshiarnaut, Quilhiaugue Gassarnaut de Quillauqui is master, and three merchants, and also their agents, attorneys or servants, to come into England with the ship charged with the goods and merchandise, and 40 mariners, five ship's boys or fewer, and also their property and harness, both by land, sea and river, mounted or on foot, remain there, unload the goods and merchandise, and reload it with other goods and merchandise, provided they do not pertain to the Calais staple, and return home freely and without impediment, trouble, arrest or harm, any marque, counter-marque or reprisal notwithstanding. Proviso only that la Force answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise, and that the merchants, agents, attorneys and servants conduct themselves well and honestly towards the king and his people, and do nothing in contempt or prejudice of the king or his people, or to their damage and harm, and will not enter any castle, fortalice or town of the king without first showing their safe-conduct to the captains, mayors or governors of those places. It is also provided that if any of them infringe the safe-conduct, the king does not wish the others to be punished by this, but only the one who has made the infringement.

By K., and for the date aforesaid, by the authority of parliament.

For a licence to transport.

44

18 December 1459 . Coventr' Coventry .

To all admirals etc.

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace, and for certain reasons the king specially moving, for two years to William Baldry , that he can go in person, or by his agents, attorneys and serjeants, with a certain ship called le Margarete of Orwell , of 600 tuns capacity or less, presently in the parts of Aquitaine, loaded with wine and other merchandise can come to England, unload them, and reload the ship with whatsoever goods and merchandise, that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, and go to Aquitaine, Ispann' Spain , 1 Britann' Brittany or Gascony, as often as it pleases him during the term contained in these letters, without Baldry suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, provided only that he answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise. Order that Baldry or his factors, attorneys and his servants be permitted to do as the licence grants. Proviso only that Baldry answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandis.

By K.

1.
It meant the kingdom of Castile.
45

23 April 1460 . Westm' Westminster .

Letters patent of protection and safe-conduct granted by the king's special grace, for two years, for Montlawe Johan de Montlau, esquire , originating in the duchy of Aquitaine, at his request, with a certain ship called le Clement of Baion' Bayonne of 120 tuns capacity, of which Sole Guilhem de Soule , Sole Johanicot de Soule or Gachernande, Quilhauq' Gassarnaut de Quillauqui is master, and three merchants, and also their agents or attorneys, to come into England and other lordships, jurisdictions and territories, with the ship charged with the goods and merchandise, and 60 mariners, four ship's boys or fewer, and also their property and harness, both by land, sea and river, mounted or on foot, remain there, unload the goods and merchandise, and reload it with other goods and merchandise, provided they don't pertain to the Calais staple, and return home freely and without impediment, trouble, arrest or harm, any marque, counter-marque or reprisal notwithstanding. Proviso only that Montlau answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise, and that the merchants, agents and attorneys conduct themselves well and honestly towards the king and his people, and do nothing in contempt or prejudice of the king or his people, or to their damage and harm, and will not enter any castle, fortalice or town of the king without first showing their safe-conduct to the captains, mayors or governors of those places. It is also provided that if any of them infringe the safe-conduct, the king does not wish the others to be punished by this, but only the one who has made the infringement.

By p.s., and of the aforesaid date etc.

46

Same as above

Letters patent of protection and safe-conduct granted by the king's special grace for the same duration, as above, and the ship called la Marie of Baion' Bayonne , of 240 tuns capacity or less, of which Memonyn Monin de Manos , Ducasso Martin Ducasse , Maison Nave Bernat de Maysonnave or Maison Nave Estèbe de Maysonnave is master, and four merchants, and their agents etc. as above, and 80 mariners and four ship's boys, [and the ship] loaded etc. as above.

47

10 May 1460 . Westm' Westminster . 1

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace to Clyfton Gervase Clifton, kt , that he, in person or by his factors, attorneys or servants can take eight horses called ambulers , none of which exceed the value of 4 marks bought and purveyed in England, from any port, and in any ship or vessel, to the king's city of Burdegal' Bordeaux without impediment or trouble from the king or his officers or ministers, any statute, act or ordinance to the contrary notwithstanding. Proviso only that Clifton answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues.

1.
A note in the margin against this entry, and perhaps the others above, states ' extractus '.
48

29 August 1460 . Westm' Westminster . For safe conduct.

Letters of protection and safe conduct for one year, granted at the request of Thomas Gale , Walter Cok and John More , for Bertran de Tillet , Galfridus Jaufré de Mousset and Pey du Courau of Burdegal' Bordeaux , prisoners of Gale, Cok and More, at present in their custody in England, to travel from England, jointly or individually, and to return there or to other places subject to the king, in person, or by their agents or attorneys, with a ship called le Bone Aventure of Britannu' Brittany , of 110 tuns capacity, of which Hervy Enhars , Aleyn' Yvon Alain , Pierre Gilley , Ryvall' Jean Rivallon or Abremont Olivier Apremont are master, loaded with goods and merchandise, and with 24 mariners and two ship's boys, and also their property and equipment, and to reside there, sell their goods and merchandise, and pay their ransom to Gale and the others, and then to leave with whatsoever goods and merchandise, those pertaining to the Calais staple only excepted, without impediment, notwithstanding any marques, counter-marques or reprisals that have been granted.

Proviso that Tillet and the others are to pay the king the customs, subsidies and other dues for the goods and merchandise, and they, and their agents, masters, mariners and ship's boys are to conduct themselves well towards the king, and will do nothing in contempt or in prejudice of the king or his people, and will not enter any castle, fortalice or town of the king without first showing their safe-conduct to the captains, mayors or governors of those places. It is also provided that if any of them infringe the safe-conduct, the king does not wish the others to be prejudiced or damaged by this, but only the one who has made the infringement.

By K.

Year 39 of the reign of Henry VI

49

29 October 1460 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to transport.

To all admirals, captains, castellans and their lieutenants, customers, keepers of sea ports and other maritime places, and also the sheriffs, mayors, bailiffs, constables, ministers and other faithful subjects, both by land and sea.

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace for two years to Richard Stalker , that he can go in person, or by his agents, deputies or attorneys, with a certain English ship, of 250 tuns capacity or less, from whatsoever port he wishes, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to whatsoever parts of Aquitaine or Burdegal' Bordeaux , unload them, and return with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise bought there, as often as it pleases him during the term of the licence, without Stalker suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers. It is ordered that Stalker be permitted to do this paying the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise, any statute, ordinance or order to the contrary notwithstanding.

50

27 November 1460 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to transport.

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace until 20 March next to Payn Thomas Pain and John David , merchants of England, at their humble request, that they can go in person, or by their agents and attorneys, with a certain English ship, of 100 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to whatsoever parts of the duchy of Aquitaine or Gascony, and Spann' Spain 1 and Britann' Brittany unload them, and return to England with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases them during the term of the licence, without Pain or David suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, any statute or act to the contrary notwithstanding. Proviso that Pain and David are to pay the king the customs, subsidies and other dues for the goods and merchandise.

By K.

1.
It meant the kingdom of Castile.
51

28 January 1461 . Westm' Westminster . For John de Lalande, kt.

Grant by the king's special grace to la Landa Johan de Lalande, kt , for the service he did to the king in the duchy of Aquitaine, and also the great losses which he sustained in the king's service, of the office of mayor of the king's city of Burdegall' Bordeaux . To have the same for the term of his life, taking the customary wages, fees and regards for that office, together with all other profits pertaining to that office. Because express mention of the annual value of the office, or the other value of the same, and the wages, fees or of other gifts and grants made by the king to Lalande, according to the form of the statutes that have been published, notwithstanding any ordinance, restriction or constitution, granted in the king's city before this time contrary to these presents.

By K., and of the aforesaid date, etc.

52

27 November 1460 . Notteley Notley . For a licence to transport.

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace until 1 February next to Richard Lancastell and Fawe Raymond Fowey , merchants of London , at their humble request, that they can go in person, or by their agents, attorneys and servants, with a certain English ship, of 240 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, to Burdegall' Bordeaux unload them, and return to England with the ship loaded with other goods and merchandise, as often as it pleases them during the term of the licence, without Lancastell or Fowey suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, any statute, act, ordinance or restriction to the contrary notwithstanding. Proviso that Lancastell and Fowey are to pay the king the customs, subsidies and other dues for the goods and merchandise.

By K.

53

12 September 1460 . Notteley Notley . 1

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace to Johan Castandet, esquire , that he can go to Aquitaine, and to other parts, with six servants in his company, or fewer, and with their goods and equipment, to conduct the business of Johan de Foix, earl of Kendal , and also to take six horses called hakeneys , none of which exceed the value of 40 s. without any impediment or trouble from the king or his officers or ministers. Proviso only that Castandet answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues for the horses.

1.
A note in the margin states ' extractus '.
54

1 September 1460 . Westm' Westminster . For a licence to transport.

Grant of a licence by the king's special grace, until 16 March next to Bowey John Bowie, merchant , at his request, that he can go in person, or by his agents and attorneys, with a certain ship called la Marie of Dertmouth' Dartmouth , of 240 tuns capacity or less, loaded with goods and other merchandise that do not pertain to the Cales' Calais staple, can go to the king's city of Burdegall' Bordeaux , unload them, and reload the ship with whatsoever goods and merchandise, and return to England, as often as it pleases him during the term contained in these letters, without Bowie suffering trouble from the king, or his officers or ministers, notwithstanding any statutes, acts or restrictions to the contrary. Proviso only that Bowie answer to the king for the customs, subsidies and other dues on the goods and merchandise.

For K.